This study hypothesized that male counselors whose sexual orientation and physical characteristics do not conform to conventional notions of masculinity (those who have had homosexual experiences and who do not fit the mesomorphic ideal) will be less traditional in their gender role attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs than those who adhere to more…

This paper demonstrates the usefulness of distinguishing various aspects of masculinity and feminity in the study of sex roles among adolescents. Subjects, a national sample of boys and girls aged 12-16, were individually administered direct questions, checklists, rating scales, and symbolic and projective items. Results were as follows: (1) finer…

A review of the literature concerning the relationship between sex role and self measure identity includes a discussion of issues confronted in measurement. The methodology and analyses of data for the study are explained. The research was designed to determine which self referent measure most effectively discriminates among sex role identities.…

THE PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF BOYS WHOSE MASCULINE IDENTIFICATION IS BASED ON ONE OF THREE MECHANISMS--FATHER'S NURTURANCE, FATHER'S PUNITIVENESS, OR FATHER'S NURTURANCE TOGETHER WITH HIS PUNITIVENESS WERE COMPARED. BOYS WITH VARYING MASCULINITY RATINGS WERE COMPARED ON THEIR PERCEPTION OF THE DEGREE OF PARENTAL NURTURANCE OR PUNITIVENESS,…

Summarizes the development of a course on the history of masculinity which confronts historical and cultural sterotypes. Course outline, requirements, and objectives are presented. Appendices include two sample reading selections, a copy of an exam question and the answer provided, and a local newspaper story on the course. (TP)

Recent research has begun to examine heterosexual male behavior and the early experiences of masculinity. This pilot research project used naturalistic inquiry methodologies to investigate the experience and education of boys/young men in relation to matters of sexual health and masculinity and to develop an understanding of the relationship among…

Scores on the Masculinity (M) and Femininity scales of the Personal Attributes Questionnaire were compared in male and female high school students, college students, parents of elementary school children, and parents of college students. (Author/MP)

Examined zone of acceptable alternatives construct from Gottfredson's theory of career aspiration. College students' (N=246) responses to Occupations List were coded with measurements of sex type and prestige, and indicators of zone of acceptable alternatives for subjects' were computed. Found changes over time and differences related to gender…

This longitudinal study of adolescent girls and boys examined the contributions of social (peer appearance context), psychological (internalized appearance ideals and appearance social comparison), and biological (body mass) factors to the development of body dissatisfaction. Students (165 girls and 139 boys) completed questionnaires when they…

Using possible selves as a theoretical basis, this study examined self-perceptions of occupational futures by asking 98 undergraduate women to rate feminine, masculine, and neutral jobs as to how expected, feared, and ideal (or hoped for) they were. Participants also identified their most feared job, rated the salience of 10 reasons for this…

Measures of multidimensional self-concepts (Self Description Questionnaire III), masculinity (M), and femininity (F) (Australian Sex Role Scale) were completed by high school women athletes and nonathletes, and by young adult women athletes and nonathletes. Women athletes in both age groups had substantially higher scores in masculinity and…

Research on the relationship between sex-role orientation and psychological well-being has been guided by one of three models. The congruence model holds that psychological well-being will be fostered only when one's sex-role orientation is congruent with one's gender; the androgyny model proposes that well-being will be maximized when one's…

Presents findings about sex roles in 171 male and 180 female university students in Ireland who were examined by the Bem Sex Role Inventory, and discusses the validity of this test. The distribution of subjects on sex-role types showed a larger percentage of androgynous males and undifferentiated females in the Irish sample than in American…

Explored the link between development of bulimic eating behavior and suppression of masculine traits in adolescence. German high school students completed a sex role inventory. Among girls, higher risk of developing bulimia appeared to be caused by increasing discrepancies between actual and ideal self-concept on masculine-typed personality…