Investigations pertaining to career trajectories and vocational identities of professional classical Australian singers are uncharted and lack specific empirical evidence. Rarely do studies explain the professional singers' experiences and the processes they undertook to reach goals, to comprehend their deep identification with the craft, and…

As many students worldwide receive second language (L2) English private tutoring (EPT) that shadows school curricula, examining student perceptions of it is essential to understanding their L2 learning. From the L2 Motivational Self perspective, students' "ideal L2 self," "ought-to L2 self" and "L2 learning…

The sociolinguistic context of Irish, a minority language which is also the first official language of the Republic of Ireland, presents a multitude of issues for consideration in relation to Irish language teaching and learning. This article reports a small-scale (n?=?12) exploratory qualitative study of the range of motivations to be observed…

Several factors contribute to the college retention rates of black students. There could be issues related to the student's own personality attributes, personal and/or family circumstances, financial factors, background events, social factors, as well as a myriad of institutional factors associated with the school system and/or a particular school…

While having a purpose in life has been theorized as a developmental asset, the extent to which adolescents cultivate a meaningful sense of direction is not well understood. In the present study, cluster analysis was used to classify adolescents by levels of purpose exploration and commitment. The sample (N = 318; 55% female) consisted of youth…

Fitness testing is a prominent element in many physical education programs, but there has been limited investigation concerning motivation constructs associated with the testing. This study investigated the relationships among physical education students' award status and gender to achievement goals, intrinsic motivation, and intentions. After…

A two-dimensional, four-category model for classifying the way that people relate to others, or relationship style, was developed by T. Alessandra (1987). The model characterizes style in terms of openness, with poles of open and self-contained, and directness, with poles of direct and indirect. Combining the poles of the two dimensions yields the…

Cluster analysis was used to classify 257 fifth and sixth graders on the basis of their mastery, ego, and work-avoidant goal orientations. Results identify three clusters with different achievement profiles in science. Students for whom mastery goals were stronger than the other goals show the most positive achievement. (SLD)