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Direct linkOno, Hiroshi – Economics of Education Review, 2007
College-bound students in Japan undergo a process of intense preparation known as "examination hell." An extreme manifestation of "examination hell" is the "ronin" phenomenon. Typically 30% of students choose the "ronin" option under which they spend years in addition to high school preparing for the next…
Descriptors: Outcomes of Education, Foreign Countries, College Entrance Examinations, Test Coaching
Peer reviewedManos, Harry – Physics Teacher, 1992
Discusses (1) Japan's use of a combination of the National Uniform Test and locally administered exams as the sole criteria for university admission and (2) China's use of a National Entrance Examination, experimental examinations administered in Shanghai and Guangzhou, and a Qualifying Test for students over age 25 as university admissions…
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Admission Criteria, College Entrance Examinations, Competitive Selection
