In the context of modernization it is important to provide complete secondary education for the whole age group. The achievement of this aim will bring about a new improvement in the cultural and educational levels of the Soviet people. (Author/JH)

The objectives and program structure for Colombian vocational education are described as carried out under 1962 reforms. Technical education, including industrial, agricultural, and commercial programs, a national apprenticeship service and health service training are features of the program. (KM)

The introduction, costs, efficiency, effect on students and teachers, and problems caused by the installation of instructional television into the El Salvador educational system are examined. (DE)

A description is given of the typical Cuban secondary school which is developing in response to a need for technical and vocational instruction. Objectives of the schools are listed in view of Cuba's increasingly mechanized industrial and agricultural production. (AV)

This chapter of a working paper, drawing on studies by eight African States, analyzes the dissatisfaction existing among young people who are educated for a type of employment available to only a few. General policy guidelines which could help meet the needs of both rural and urban students are discussed. (KM)

This article describes how middle school students in China serve agriculture. Students are involved in inventing lamps which destroy insects, in surveying, and in mapping out underground pipelines and locations for pumps and spraying nozzles in a sprinkling system. (Author/RM)

The concepts and phenomena of unemployment, underemployment, and equivalent employment are discussed and illustrated by two case studies. The role and responsibility of the education system in dealing with the distribution of resources, are analyzed in terms of investment priorities, rate of return, and quality of output. (KM)

The development of the Malaysian national educational system is described. An outline of the vocational component of the system is presented with an evaluation of descrepancies between output of the formal educational system and the manpower requirements of the economy. (KM)

This article describes a school-run factory for third-year junior students in China. The factory combines education with productive labor and integrates theory with practice. Students learn and at the same time create wealth for the state. (Author/RM)

This article describes the field work of work-peasant-soldier students at Tsinghua University in China. (Author/RM)

After noting present trends in educational systems, the situation of vocational education is discussed. The relationship of industry and vocational education in varied countries is reviewed, as are the problems of these training systems. Among the possible solutions, an open educational system is highly considered. (KM)

Description of Poland's proposed secondary education system to begin in 1978. It will be a ten-year general secondary program of standard instruction and education that will be free and compulsory for all children. (ND)

The author discusses secondary vocational education programs and work study programs for adults in Sweden. (Author/RM)