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Forcelini, Jamile; Sunderman, Gretchen – Hispania, 2020
When bilinguals read in either their first language (L1) or their second language (L2), words from both languages are unconsciously and automatically activated in their mind (e.g., Kroll et al. 2006; Van Heuven and Dijkstra 2002). Many bilinguals, particularly in Florida, choose to learn Portuguese in college as a third language (L3), thus…
Descriptors: Native Language, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Spanish
Arriaza de Allen, Stephanie Liset – ProQuest LLC, 2010
Many English language learners (ELLs) in schools experience reading difficulties, particularly Spanish-speaking students. This is a serious problem given the tendency for struggling readers to fall further behind as they advance in school. This issue becomes more pressing as the number of ELLs enrolled in schools rises and the availability of…
Descriptors: Small Group Instruction, Reading Difficulties, Intervention, Sight Vocabulary