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Kim, Ahyoung Alicia; Lee, Shinhye; Chapman, Mark; Wilmes, Carsten – TESOL Quarterly: A Journal for Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages and of Standard English as a Second Dialect, 2019
This study aimed to investigate how Grade 1-2 English language learners (ELLs) differ in their performance on a writing test in two test modes: paper and online. Participants were 139 ELLs in the United States. They completed three writing tasks, representing three test modes: (1) a paper in which students completed their writing using a…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
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Li, Miao; Kirby, John R.; Cheng, Liying; Wade-Woolley, Lesly; Qiang, Haiyan – Reading Psychology, 2012
This study investigated the effects of English and Chinese phonological awareness (PA) and naming speed (NS) on English reading achievement and the evidence for cross-linguistic transfer in Chinese English-immersion students. English PA was a significant predictor of English reading achievement for immersion students in Grades 2 and 4. There was…
Descriptors: Reading Achievement, Phonological Awareness, Grade 4, Grade 2
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Padilla, Amado M.; Fan, Lorraine; Xu, Xiaoqiu; Silva, Duarte – Foreign Language Annals, 2013
A Mandarin/English two-way immersion elementary program is described from its inception and implementation through the fifth grade, the culminating year of the program. All students in all grades were assessed on their oral/listening, reading, and writing performance in Mandarin using program-created assessment measures. Fifth-grade students also…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, English (Second Language), Mandarin Chinese, Immersion Programs