The developmental progression hypothesis for phonological awareness states that children perform better on lower level tasks and has been addressed mainly in the literature with children beginning at age 5. In addition, there has been a limited amount of research done regarding the performance of dual-language learners younger than age 5 on…

Research on two-way immersion programs has empirically investigated the success of such programs on children's dual-language development. The present study focuses on the language abilities of Latino children attending a Spanish-English differentiated two-way immersion program in the United States. Family dynamics relating to placement in this…

Describes language and early literacy skills in Spanish and English for a sample of bilingual children in Massachusetts and Maryland and a comparative group of monolingual Spanish-speaking children in Puerto Rico. Children were 4-year-olds entering pre-kindergarten programs. Results are discussed. (Author/VWL)