Vygotsky's "zone of proximal development (ZPD)" has become associated with the individual "scaffolding" of learners. As a result, because teachers need to teach the whole class, many public school teachers have had to dismiss the concept as unworkable. Yet Vygotsky himself was chiefly concerned with public school teaching and…

Discusses the concept of language awareness and its use in language teaching, which refers to the development in learners of an enhanced consciousness of and sensitivity to the forms and functions of language. The approach has been developed in the contexts of both second and foreign language learning, as well as in mother tongue education.…

Suggests that grammar teaching should go beyond syntax and morphology and concern itself with a more careful observation of meta-grammatical phenomena. Advocates that an instrumental view of grammar should be supplemented with an integral view of language. The ultimate aim is to make learners aware of the way a language works. (Author/VWL)

Proposes a translation framework to be used in the Spanish foreign-language classroom as a supplementary teaching technique. The use of translation techniques in the classroom can bridge the gap between language and culture by helping students develop metalinguistic skills that bring them to a higher level of awareness about the target language…

Examines the characteristics of the teaching and learning of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in secondary schools. Seeks to define language awareness and its role in the context of EFL. Discusses what literature can offer to enhance language awareness. Offers examples of tasks that identify and illustrate aspects of language awareness in a…

Examines differences in metalinguistic development between monolingual and bilingual children in terms of three subcategories: word awareness, syntactic awareness, and phonological awareness. In each case, some studies have reported advantages for bilingual children, while others have found either no difference between the groups or monolingual…

Looks at the strategies used by adult nonnative speakers (NNS) when performing pedagogic tasks. Repairs that make use of discourse markers such as "what I mean is," are identified as being effective in overcoming communication difficulties and completing tasks. Suggests that the ability to make use of such devices is evidence of…

This article was written interactively over an extended period of consultation and explores questions concerning the theory and practice of language awareness, its descriptive orientations, its relationship with critical social dimensions, and its connections with current theories of language teaching and learning. (Author/VWL)

Twenty years ago, Michael Halliday proposed a less isolationist approach to English teaching via "awareness of language." After debate, the idea won the support of two national committees on English teaching. The debate is reviewed and the question is asked: Will teachers of English and other languages learn to cooperate? (12 references)…

Presents a case in point to illustrate the use of subject-related artistic manifestations as an effective strategy to stimulate critical reading in English-as-a-Foreign-Language students of English literature. Suggests a step-by-step procedure that enables students to appropriate a poem without the usual over-deference toward second language in…

Argues for the implementation of a transcultural approach to additional language learning to allow students and teachers to interdependently broaden their sociocultural identities within the context of critical language awareness and study with the goal of individuation. (Author/VWL)

Discusses the value of second language (L2) learning and suggests that students who learn an L2 in school can develop literacy skills faster than students who do not learn an L2. Examines the role of metalinguistic awareness, the role of language learning in literacy development, and literacy in its cultural context. (Author/VWL)

This article presents parts two and three of a three-part article that explores the role that school language learning can play in the development of literacy, as well as the role that the teaching of literacy can play in language learning. (Author/VWL)

This study examines the effectiveness of written error corrections versus reformulations of second language learners' writing as two means of improving learners' grammatical accuracy on a three-stage composition-comparison-revision task. Concurrent verbal protocols were employed during the comparison stage in order to study the learners' reported…

This study examines the differential effect of two types of written corrective feedback (CF) and the extent to which language analytic ability mediates the effects of CF on the acquisition of articles by adult intermediate ESL learners of various L1 backgrounds (N = 91). Three groups were formed: a "direct-only correction" group, a "direct…