The present study aimed at investigating the effect of Teacher Technology Enhanced Scaffolding (TTES) on English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners' grammar achievement, Directed Motivational Currents (DMCs), and mastery goal. This investigation was conducted among 50 participants in two classes, with a population of 25 EFL students for each…

This study examined the relations between achievement goals, self-regulated learning (SRL), and English learning achievement as well as the contributions of perceived teachers' and parents' goal emphases to students' achievement goal adoption. Participants were 520 4th graders in Hong Kong, who learn English as a second or foreign language…

Directed motivational currents (DMCs) are goal-directed motivational surges in pursuit of a much-desired personal outcome. This book introduces the reader to cutting-edge theory and research in second language learner motivation and presents empirical research which investigates DMCs in the context of language learning. The studies explore the…

Motivation to learn languages other than English (LOTEs) has been underrepresented in second language (L2) motivation research. This study investigated and compared the motivational profiles of first-year and second-year students majoring in Spanish, grounded on the proposition of bifurcating ideal and ought selves into "Own" and…

This study investigated the relationship between teacher support in the areas of learner autonomy, relatedness, and competence, and motivational beliefs regarding achievement goal orientations and perceived task value in Chinese EFL college classrooms based on self-determination theory. A questionnaire was administered to 712 college students, and…

Writing in a second/foreign (L2) language imposes great demands on a writer due to the cognitive and social complexities it involves. In addition, such psychological variables as motivation and anxiety are highly likely to be related to success in L2 writing. So far, however, L2 writing has seldom been studied in relation to motivation and…

This study attempts to find out the relationship between learner autonomy and motivation in a state university prep school in Turkey in a non-native context. The findings indicate a moderate positive correlation between motivational beliefs (task value, perceived self-confidence, learning and performance goal-orientation) except performance…

As students feel empowered to select their own goals, they forge their own journeys to success. A culturally sustaining tool, student reflection is an informative practice for self-paced growth in language learning and beyond. A French and a Spanish teacher share their protocols to bring goal-setting into any classroom, along with the research and…

The purpose of the current study is to explore the potential impact of a goal-based writing program on EFL students' writing competence and their attitudes toward goal-setting activities. The goal-based writing program was developed within goal-setting theory and launched in a writing class of 39 EFL Vietnamese university students over ten weeks.…

The concept of motivational regulation has always been on the agenda of researchers; however, the role of motivational regulation has received relatively little attention in terms of writing skills. Hence, the present study aims to investigate the potential correlations between motivational writing regulation strategies concerning collaborative…

Purpose: In the Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0), higher education (HE) continues to retain a significant role in providing the growth in quality of manpower level. The English language is an international language that is used in multi-aspects including medicine, economics, media, science, and higher education. English learning quality…

Feedback is justified when it has a positive influence on students' subsequent performance. Opportunities for student action need therefore to be consciously designed if feedback is to influence learning. In this paper, we discuss how ipsative design of feedback processes, i.e. involving comparison of a student's current performance with a…

Literature has long been used as a tool for language teaching and learning. In the New Academic Structure in Hong Kong, it has become an important element in the senior secondary English language curriculum to promote communicative language teaching (CLT) with a process-oriented approach. However, as in many other English as a second or foreign…

This research is about the importance of the expected achievement of preservice Chinese language teachers based on their orientation, attitude, and motivation in teaching education programs. The cluster sampling and random sampling methods were implemented to select the samples from 16 Institute of Teacher Education Malaysia (IPGM). A total of 389…

This study applied a qualitative approach and investigated the processes of motivational change through goal setting in extensive reading (ER). The one-year ER program integrating goal setting was introduced in a Japanese university. Interviews were conducted with four selected participants from among 23 students. The results revealed different…