A Monte Carlo Study was conducted to evaluate six models commonly used to evaluate change. The results revealed specific problems with each. Analysis of covariance and analysis of variance of residualized gain scores appeared to substantially and consistently overestimate the change effects. Multiple factor analysis of variance models utilizing…

THE PRIME CRITERION OF SUCCESS OF A NURSING PROGRAM IS OCCUPATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF GRADUATES. AS AN INTERMEDIATE STEP, THE AUTHOR INVESTIGATED THE RELATIONSHIP OF CERTAIN PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS (AGE, SEX, MARITAL STATUS, NUMBER OF CHILDREN, NUMBER OF BROTHERS AND SISTERS, FATHER'S AND MOTHER'S EDUCATION, AND SCHOOL AND COLLEGE ABILITY TEST…

The norm-referenced score scale used by the National Foundation for Educational Research (NFER) is described. The usefulness of standardized scores is explained by a simple numerical example, and the formulas and computations are shown for calculating a mean, a standard deviation, and a deviation or z score. The need for a representative sample is…

The statistical methods presented in this workbook focus on the display of central tendency, statistical tests, and correlation. Chapters 2, 3, and 4 consist of worksheets, each of which provides step-by-step instructions for calculating and interpreting a particular statistical method. The introduction to each worksheet explains how and when to…

The interpretation of test profiles, graphic devices which indicate the overall performance of an individual or group of individuals, is discussed. Some uses of profiles are presented, together with a three step profile analysis procedure for interpreting test results. Because profiles are relatively simple to construct and appear to be easily…

Discusses some of the myths surrounding grading on the curve. Provides a simple explanation of such statistical terms as histograms, relative frequency, normal distribution, mean, and standard deviation. Describes how to restructure the curve, including the program listing for a computer program that will assist the teacher. (TW)

Between 1980 and 1984 SAT scores rose 8 points for whites and 15 points for non-whites, but the overall mean increased only 7 points. This article explains that this is not an arithmetic error, but an example of a statistical phenomenon called Simpson's Paradox. It describes how to avoid it. (JAZ)

The purpose of this paper is to test the premise that there is a significant correlation between Praxis1 scores and SAT scores among African American students who are applying for admission into the teacher education program. Data for the study included the Praxis 1 (reading, writing and math) scores and SAT (reading, writing and math) scores of…

With the advent of No Child Left Behind (NCLB), the context for NAEP participation is changing. Whereas in the past participation in NAEP has always been voluntary, participation is now mandatory for some grade and subjects among schools receiving Title I funds. While this will certainly raise school-level participation rates in the mandated…

Distinctions were made between three classes of statistical linkage: equivalence, concordance, and prediction. These distinctions were based on rational content considerations and empirical statistical relationships. A large database involving SAT I and ACT scores was used to determine which type of linkage was best suited for different scores and…

A study investigated gender differences in standardized college entrance test scores in eight subject areas. Females outscored males in five areas; in two, results were mixed; and in one (mathematics), males outscored females. While females' scores were higher overall, males were better represented at the highest score levels. Implications for…

Although 1992 Scholastic Aptitude Test scores have risen slightly, scores are closely linked to family income and education. ACT (American College Testing Program) scores are tied more to academic preparation. Reading performance has improved, but math performance lags behind other nations. Educator demographics, salary information, and regional…

The hypothesis that coping with novelty is a key aspect of intelligence is not supported by the data of Sternberg and Gastel. It is contended that these authors committed a common error by interpreting correlations involving difference scores without reference to the properties of the components of the difference. (SLD)

A statistical analysis tested the relationship of class size, expenditures per student, and socioeconomic status on student achievement test scores in three south Florida counties. Poverty is a primary determinant of student achievement. There is modest support for targeted expenditures for smaller classes above 20 students. (Contains 62…

The effect of block scheduling on high school student achievement in mathematics and reading was investigated in this study through the use of an ex post-facto, longitudinal research design. Specifically, student scores from 9th and 11th-grade standardized tests were matched and sorted by junior high and high school attended. Outcome measures…