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Little, Todd D.; Chang, Rong; Gorrall, Britt K.; Waggenspack, Luke; Fukuda, Eriko; Allen, Patricia J.; Noam, Gil G. – International Journal of Behavioral Development, 2020
We revisit the merits of the retrospective pretest-posttest (RPP) design for repeated-measures research. The underutilized RPP method asks respondents to rate survey items twice during the same posttest measurement occasion from two specific frames of reference: "now" and "then." Individuals first report their current attitudes…
Descriptors: Pretesting, Alternative Assessment, Program Evaluation, Evaluation Methods