As the emphasis on accountability in education increases, so does the prevalence of low-stakes testing. It is essential to understand test-taking motivation in low-stakes contexts, as low motivation has implications for the validity of inferences made from test scores about examinee knowledge and ability. The current study expanded upon previous…

Prior research with the Professional and Career Administrative Examination (PACE), a multiple abilities test battery for federal candidates, demonstrated practice effects (score gains) on alternate forms of the test parts within one administration of the battery. These effects were largest for those abilities including item types constructed…