The nature of tests involved in the controversy on coaching is examined. Then coaching is considered against the background of diverse types of training that may affect test performance, and the implications of these various forms of training for the meaning and validity of test scores is discussed. (Author/BW)

Student scores on standardized tests have steadily declined since 1965. Researchers conducted a literature review and completed data analysis to determine the reasons for this decrease, assessing trends for the period from 1965 to 1983. The kinds of tests most commonly used are aptitude, achievement, and tests of personal and social…

Variables that correlate with scores on the National Certifying Examination (NCE) for Physician's Assistants (PAs) were investigated. It is noted that NCE scores represent professional entry-level performance for PAs and that identification of variables related to PA performance may promote the development of standardized selection criteria. The…

THE FOLLOWING IS THE FULL TEXT OF THIS DOCUMENT: In general, coaching improves student scores on achievement and aptitude tests--including the SAT--but not very much. While the SAT is not invulnerable to coaching programs, only a few students have found impressive results. Coaching produces the following average gains: On the SAT, .15 standard…

This study brings together a large body of literature on indicators of changes in U.S. scholastic aptitude and achievement levels within the 1944-1980 period. The population target is youth from preschool to post-college graduate ages. The study is divided into three major sections: (1) a discussion of the trends which have emerged over time that…

This paper analyzes research findings about the role of values and beliefs in aptitude testing. Indications are found that the ongoing controversy over the lack of ethnic, racial, and sex fairness in aptitude testing is rooted in the tests themselves. Test designers, it is argued, are influenced by their socioeconomic position (they are usually…

Intended primarily for secondary school administrators, teachers, and counselors, this booklet summarizes the information available, as of 1965, about the ways special coaching or tutoring may affect students' scores on the College Board's Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT). Coaching refers to the variety of methods used in attempting to increase, in…