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Torppa, Minna; Eklund, Kenneth; Sulkunen, Sari; Niemi, Pekka; Ahonen, Timo – Journal of Research in Reading, 2018
The present study examined gender gap in Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) Reading and mediators of the gender gap in a Finnish sample (n = 1,309). We examined whether the gender gap in PISA Reading performance can be understood via the effects of reading fluency, achievement behaviour (mastery orientation and task-avoidant…
Descriptors: Gender Differences, Foreign Countries, Reading Fluency, Recreational Reading
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Torppa, Minna; Vasalampi, Kati; Eklund, Kenneth; Sulkunen, Sari; Niemi, Pekka – Educational Psychology, 2020
This paper examined if difficulty in reading comprehension (PISA) is distinct from difficulty in reading fluency and if the distinct types of reading difficulties are differently associated with learning motivation, school burnout, and school enjoyment. The participants were 1324 Finnish ninth graders. Findings suggested that difficulties in…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Difficulty Level, Reading Fluency, Learning Motivation
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Lyytinen, Heikki – International Journal for Research in Learning Disabilities, 2014
A fundamental skill for growth and improvement in modern society is the ability to read--a skill still denied to many millions of children across the globe. A number of factors share the responsibility for this dilemma. In developing countries, most potential readers live under conditions where instruction is non-optimal or even unavailable…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, At Risk Persons, Children, Reading Difficulties