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Klecker, Beverly M.; Klecker, Richard L. – Online Submission, 2014
This descriptive research study examined 2013 NAEP 12th-grade mathematics scores by students' use of graphing calculators in math classes and the kind of calculator students used during NAEP assessment. NAEP Data Explorer analysis included two questions from Student Factors: How often do you use these different kinds of calculators in math class?…
Descriptors: Grade 12, High School Students, Mathematics Achievement, Scores
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Clotfelter, Charles T.; Ladd, Helen F.; Vigdor, Jacob L. – Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2014
In 2008, the California State Board of Education voted to require all students to enroll in algebra by 8th grade. This policy initiative, yet to be actually implemented, represents the culmination of a decades-long movement toward offering algebra instruction before the traditional high school years. Nationally, the proportion of 8th grade…
Descriptors: Algebra, Board of Education Policy, Required Courses, Middle Schools