Developments in the funding and direction of Soviet scientific research in the Brezhnev era (since about 1964) are reviewed, including factors affecting research, accomplishments, and role of the U.S.S.R Academy of Sciences. (SK)

Reviews the issue of how to preserve the fruits of research in high technology while at the same time avoiding restrictions on researchers' freedom. One solution proposed by Congress and the current administration would prevent technical data from being transferred overseas as well as other restrictions. (Author/SK)

The effects of politicization (government intervention) of universities on scientific achievement and technological development in Latin America are discussed. Imposition of political loyalty tests, dismissal of teachers and research investigators, and supervision of normal student life have deprived teaching and research institutions of academic…

This article describes how a collaborative program with a local university provides learning for everyone involved. On the coldest day in the winter of 2000, a group of dedicated, excited high school students congregated at a research arboretum to meet Kevin Czajkowski, a geography professor from The University of Toledo. The professor had invited…

The literature on faculty research performance is reviewed, with a focus on research by individual faculty members. The literature on the sociology of science and data-based results from sociological studies are emphasized. Attention is directed to measures of performance, the explanations and specific correlates likely to influence high research…

THIS STUDY OF "PREPRINT" DISTRIBUTION IN THEORECTICAL HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS USED A QUESTIONNAIRE CIRCULATED TO ALL KNOWN HIGH ENERGY THEORISTS. A SECOND QUESTIONNAIRE WAS SENT TO A REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE OF "PREPRINT LIBRARIANS" AT VARIOUS INSTITUTIONS IN THE U.S. AND ABROAD. BASED ON THIS DATA, THE STUDY CONCLUDED THAT AN EXPERIMENT WITH CENTRALIZED…

This seminar paper explores the role that historians of technology can play in the reevaluation of the relationship between technical and social change. Historians of technology need to ask questions about the nontechnological aspects of society which have influenced technical change in the past. In the realm of ideas, historians should check…

Highlights advances/discoveries (and scientists responsible for them) in various science areas during 1983: space science (shuttle flights, Russia); astronomy (infrared satellite, inflationary universe); physics (W/Z particles); chemistry (carbon bonding); environment (acid rain, dioxins, El Nino); bioscience (chemical signals); paleontology…

Reveals the stormy relationship and ongoing controversy surrounding the scientific collaboration of Otto Hahn and Lise Meitner. Discusses the controversial 1944 Nobel Prize award to Hahn (ignoring the equal contribution of Meitner), the reaction of the scientific community, and the post-war years of both Meitner and Hahn. (MJP)

Most people are frustrated with the current scientific method presented in textbooks. The scientific method--a simplistic model of the scientific inquiry process--fails in most cases to provide a successful guide to how science is done. This is not shocking, really. Many simple models used in science are quite useful within their limitations. When…

The Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) believes that fundamental change is possible in the tradition-bound world of college and university science education and recently announced new grants to empower individual scientist-educators--the HHMI Professors--to develop innovative approaches for changing the way they teach biology to…

This volume analyzes data from a National Science Foundation survey on the financial and human resources devoted to research and development (R&D) in the United States, and compares U.S. performance to that of other nations. After some general notes about National Science Foundation surveys and performer-reported bases, the text: (1)…

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) program of lunar and planetary exploration produced a flood of scientific information about the moon, planets and the environment of interplanetary space. This book is an account of the people, machines, and the events of this scientific enterprise. It is a story of organizations,…

Statistics on both the production of astronomers and the employment opportunities now available and reasonably expected for the near future are examined. Barring the sudden and unexpected restoration of basic science to public favor, there seems to be no way of restoring equilibrium between the demand and the supply in astronomical employment…

A policy statement drafted by the Association of American Medical Colleges is presented that reviews the goals, environment, and mechanisms of support of biomedical and behavioral research.