The American Physiological Society (APS) Legacy Project and its accompanying Essays on APS Classic Papers have allowed the scientific community on-line access to the entire collection of APS publications since their inception in 1898 (http://www.the-aps.org/publications/legacy/ and http://www.the-aps.org/publications/classics/). The availability…

Partnerships between members of the scientific community at institutes of higher education and the K-12 education community are an increasingly popular approach to science education reform (Atkin, 1989; Chatman, 2002; Sussman, 1993; NSF, 2003a, 2003b). Although the word "partnership" can mean many things to many people, we use the term…

Some central issues in discussions of creative processes in science are: (1) the mechanism(s) by which hypothesis formation takes place; (2) the sources of new knowledge during hypothesis formation; and (3) the "Eureka" versus steady accumulation (accretion) issue concerning the pace of change during hypothesis formation. This paper…

An overview of two science and technology resources (financial support and scientific/technical personnel) is presented, based on a series of National Science Foundation (NSF) surveys on research and development (R&D) resources and scientific/technical personnel in the United States. Areas addressed related to national perspectives of R&D…

This paper describes the events following the news of Oersted's discovery of the effects of a current of electricity on a magnetic needle. It focuses on Biot and Savart's law which expresses the force between a current element and a "molecule of magnetism" that can be deduced from Ampere's law of interaction between two current elements.…

A study was conducted to determine the proportion of young doctoral faculty (i.e., received the Ph.D. within the past seven years), the extent of their activity in seeking research support, and the possible reasons for any slackening in their search for support in recent years. Trends based on earlier surveys on the same topic are analyzed.…

On one side of this controversy is the belief that goals should be established and funds distributed by qualified practicing scientists; on the other, that basic science should be accountable to the legislature and electorate. This dilemma is discussed in terms of agricultural and biomedical research. (LBH)

Discusses data on chemical research and development (R&D). Areas addressed include sources of R&D funds, R&D spending by the federal government and by industry, and sources of academic R&D funds. provides charts and tables and data on scientists/engineers, budgets, comparisons between applied/basic R&D, abstracts in chemical…

Data on U.S. research and development (R&D) efforts are presented in chart and graph form, focusing on trends, sources of funds, performance and character of R&D, employed scientists/engineers, abstracts appearing in Chemical Abstracts, and U.S. patents. Indicates that most R&D is done by private industry with funding for development.…

Data are presented in chart and graph form focusing on research and development (R&D) funding by the federal government, including federal obligations for total R&D (largest increases for defense and space); research; scientific disciplines; development; basic research; applied research; university research and applied research; and funds…

Federal government's and scientists'/engineers' viewpoints on governmental efforts to control flow of scientific/technical information are presented, including controls at hand, alternative control mechanisms, voluntary controls, and controls being fostered by the Department of Commerce. (SK)

Describes Canada's International Development Research Centre (IDRC), an independent public corporation established to aid scientific research in developing nations. The four programs executed by them are agriculture, food, and nutrition sciences, health sciences, information sciences, and social sciences. (Author/SA)

Describes a program that is part of the Pupil Researcher Initiative (PRI) where volunteer Ph.D. students visit schools to help bring the excitement and wonder of science and engineering research to the classroom. The purpose of the Researchers in Residence program is to bring students and teachers in schools into contact with research scientists…

Examines the extent to which scientific research in the former Soviet Union was endogenous and the degree to which it was integrated into the scientific world system during the 1970s and 1980s. Autarchy, self-reliance, and distinctiveness in scientific traditions are discussed; the center-periphery concept is examined; and results of a survey of…

Investigates how scientists, from both a practical and epistemological perspective, communicated the nature and relevance of their research to classroom teachers. Determines the congruence and/or dissimilarity in how scientists described their research to teachers and how they viewed their research epistemologically. Concludes that scientists from…