Nine processes of scientific research, (identified from reports of curriculum projects, the philosophy of science literature, and the opinions of science educators), were used to classify 50 strategies that scientists might follow in research. Fifty percent of a stratified random sample of 100 American researchers from each of the physical,…

While the public, including many scientists, have grave anxieties about the consequences of such technical achievements as recombinant DNA, challenges to the extent of freedom of scientific inquiry must be critically examined. However, scientific freedom cannot be used to justify blanket immunity from legitimate governmental and public oversight.…

Study sections are nongovernment scientists who review applications for research grants that have been assigned to the various institutes within NIH. Procedures followed by these committees in evaluating research problems are outlined. (LBH)

Presents a historical overview of developments in ionospheric physics and examines relationships between federal funding and knowledge growth in this field. Summarizes the views of ionsphere researchers on funding, the role of funding program managers, and the nature of funding agencies. Reviews advancements related to entrepreneurs and resources…

Examines background of ideas against which Lewis's last researches were done, reflecting on his conduct of scientific research. Also analyzes Lewis's unique habit of writing research previews and indicates, through his research memoranda to the author, his intensity of research interest and activity during the last years of his life. (JN)

Topics from a September, 1976, symposium on the "Origins of Human Cancer" are cited to illustrate the author's contention that what is needed at such meetings is the scientists' own assessment of the uses to which their work is put in the context of ethics. Their own public commitment is needed to influence public policy. (LBH)

In the 1930s, Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar found a fundamental parameter that determines the density of stars. Although recognized as a major discovery, it was generally unaccepted by astronomers because the work was ridiculed by a preeminent astronomer (Arthur Eddington). The controversy and current understanding of stellar evolution are discussed.…

Reviews the accomplishments in physics previous to 1931 and compares them to accomplishments during the past 50 years. (JN)

This is a summary of the period between 1960 and 1979 in the history of the journal, "Science." It is a personal account by the executive officer of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) from 1954 to 1970, concerning the publication of a major journal. (SA)

The value of communication in the preservation of scientific knowledge is described as it relates to the specialized scientific journals. The discipline of peer review is described as the major factor in keeping the scientific enterprise relatively honest. (SA)

The texts of four speeches, given at the 1979 Einstein Session of the Pontifical Academy held in Rome, are presented. Each address relates to some aspect of the life and times of Albert Einstein. (SA)

Science teachers need to do science as well as teach it in order to bridge the gap between the scientific community and science education. Describes the experiences of a teacher who participated in the Research for Teachers program (RET). (DDR)

Suggests that the failure of the sciences to attract and retain women means a loss of diversity as well as a loss of talent and creativity that impoverishes research perspectives. (Contains 39 references.) (DDR)

Analyzes the recent changes and future of chemical science in East Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Hungary. Summarizes the American government's responses to the changes. (YP)