Research on Artificial Intelligence, especially in the field of machine learning, has exploded in the twenty-first century. AI research in universities has long been funded by a combination of government and corporate sources. The funding of AI research in the contemporary university includes technology companies as both funders and generators of…

Charting significant growth in science production over the 20th century in four European Union member states, this neo-institutional analysis describes the development and current state of universities and research institutes that bolster Europe's position as a key region in global science. On-going internationalization and Europeanization of…

On September 22, 2022, the National Academy of Sciences held a symposium entitled Endless Frontier 2022: Research and Higher Education Institutions for the Next 75 Years. The event was a follow up to a February 2020 NAS symposium convened to celebrate the 75th anniversary of the landmark report Science, the Endless Frontier. Building on the 2020…

This "FOCUS Technical Brief" summarizes a paper recently published in the open-access journal Implementation Science1 (Stone & Lane, 2012). The full paper presents a conceptual framework that integrates all three knowledge-generating methods--scientific research (R), engineering development (D), and industry production (P)--into a…

The National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) is the U.S. Government's crosscutting program that coordinates Federal research and development (R&D) activities in nanoscale science, engineering, technology, and related efforts among various participating agencies. The Federal Government launched the NNI in FY 2001 with an initial $500 million…

The National Science Foundation Act of 1950 stipulates that the National Science Foundation (NSF) must maintain a program for determining the total amount of money for scientific and engineering research received from federal agencies by each educational institution and appropriate nonprofit organization, and to report these data annually to…

The National Science Foundation (NSF) Act of 1950 stipulates that NSF must maintain a program for determining the total amount of money for scientific and engineering research received from federal agencies by each educational institution and appropriate nonprofit organization and to report these data annually to Congress and the President. NSF…

Leaders in American business list the major nonmilitary threats to national security. In addition, the relationship of national security and the innovation process is analyzed. (CP)

The Transportation Training and Research Center of the Polytechnic Institute of New York is discussed, along with some issues that must be considered when interdisciplinary research is to be performed at an academic institution. (BB)

Cites the need for promoting science/technology management and policy formation in Thailand, viewing contributions of science/technology to the socioeconomic development of the country as high priorities. Criteria for selecting priority areas and key problems are noted; they include relevance to development, availability of human resources, and…

Japan's postwar research and development (R&D) efforts have passed through several phases to bring the nation to what may be called "relative parity" with the United States. This document examines the characteristics of Japanese and U.S. R&D efforts. Topics compared include: national science resource patterns; science and…

A transcript of the hearing that discusses the findings and recommendations that are part of the Office of Technology Assessment's (OTA's) report on federally funded research is presented. The report evaluates the nature and distribution of research funding and decision-making and suggests alternative approaches that the Federal Government can…

This report presents the results of the 1973 survey of industrial research and development and is the 19th in a series extending back to 1953. Data obtained are designed to provide useful information to those concerned with evaluating the role of research and development in furthering the national welfare and in allocation of scientific resources.…

This report, the 18th in a series extending back to 1953, presents the results of a 1972 survey of industrial research and development. Data obtained are designed to provide information useful to government officials, legislators, and other individuals concerned with evaluating the role of research and development in furthering the national…

This report provides statistics on industrial research and development by source of financing, character of work, and geographic distribution. Data on basic research and development are shown by product field. The report also contains information on the number of industrial R and D scientists and engineers as of January 1972. The data obtained are…