This study aimed to develop a two-tier test to identify misconceptions of pre-service teachers about chemical equilibrium. The sample was made up of 135 pre-service chemistry teachers at Farhangian University in Iran (70 female and 65 male) who were spending the final semester of the eighth semester of the teacher training programme. After…

In common with many other countries, the Iranian science curriculum does not introduce primary children to atoms and molecules but instead leaves the teaching of these concepts until high school. This paper challenges this practice and describes the changes in elementary Iranian children's understanding of atoms and molecules following a 10-h…

Learning vocabulary is probably the most challenging and time-consuming part of learning a foreign language. Researchers argue that social media could affect learners' vocabulary acquisition. It is hypothesized that teaching science concepts could accompany vocabulary acquisition. We investigated the possible role of social networks (i.e.…

We have used the expansion process of hot milk, which has similarities with the cosmic expansion, to facilitate easier and better visualization and teaching of cosmological concepts. Observations of milk are used to illustrate phenomena related to the Planck era, the standard hot big bang model, cosmic inflation, problems with the formation of…

This article reports on the experience of the Language Centre of Tabriz University in Iran. The Centre is responsible for teaching English in 7 faculties: Engineering, Medicine, Agriculture, Pharmacy, Science, Education, and the School of Nursing. The article first gives the background of the students that are to be taught, followed by an outline…