Explains changes in the scientific world view. Describes the classical mechanistic-reductionist paradigm and some modern examples of changes including evolution, self-organizing universe, non-linearity, subjectivity, and software. (YP)

The financial support system for scientific research in the Netherlands and University of Leiden are described. Methods for funding teaching and research separately are examined, and faculty response to these methods are discussed. The funding changes are intended to link funding more directly to institutional and national science policy. (MSE)

Some central issues in discussions of creative processes in science are: (1) the mechanism(s) by which hypothesis formation takes place; (2) the sources of new knowledge during hypothesis formation; and (3) the "Eureka" versus steady accumulation (accretion) issue concerning the pace of change during hypothesis formation. This paper…

Discussed are the complex problems faced in the implementation of the project on research and human needs, and how systems analysis would make it possible to provide United Nations member states with information which would give them a better basis on which to decide the priorities in scientific research. (BT)

The excitement and high commercial value placed on basic/applied genetics research appear to be re-energizing the once-fruitful relationship between academic/industrial sectors which declined over the last 20 to 30 years. University/industry relationships and cooperation between departments/faculty within universities are noted, discussing several…

There is increased dependence of academic science on external resources with attendant consequences for academic culture. This article suggests a framework for analyzing such changes, viewing culture as a set of axes of variation and drawing upon organizational theory, particularly resource dependence and institutional perspectives, to explain why…

Describes the nature of elementary particles, quarks, leptons, and bosons. Indicates the possibility of a fourth family of quarks. Predicts the nature of the lepton relatives. (YP)

The 21 essays in this two-part book provide conceptual and operational understanding of the nature of models as representations of reality and as tools for description, analysis, interpretation, and forecasting. Topic areas addressed in part 1 (concept) include: the nature of models; the earth as a system; the determination of form; some…