Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education is an economic opportunity for an urban school district in Tennessee. Lack of interest in STEM courses was throughout schools with underrepresented populations. An urban district in Tennessee with few schools implementing STEM initiated instructional practices to increase…

The present study explored the learning challenges that African American female students experience in their algebra or biology courses. Existing literature does not fully explore this subject, as studies are often inclusive of all races (i.e., all girls in science, technology, engineering, or math [STEM] fields) or all genders (i.e., all Black…

Students in upper secondary education encounter difficulties in applying mathematics in physics. To improve our understanding of these difficulties, we examined symbol sense behavior of six grade 10 physics students solving algebraic physic problems. Our data confirmed that students did indeed struggle to apply algebra to physics, mainly because…

Mathematics is of major importance in science subjects. Unfortunately, students struggle with applying mathematics in science subjects, especially physics. In this qualitative study we demonstrate that transfer of algebraic skills from mathematics in physics class can be improved by using pre-knowledge effectively. We designed shift-problems…

This study investigated the impact of a student-tutor and parent interaction program on the achievement scores of ninth- and tenth-grade Algebra 1 and general biology classes. Past studies have shown that student-parent interaction in academic areas can produce significant increases in achievement scores. There is, however, very little evidence of…

This publication contains Arizona public schools' updated academic standards for high school. The contents of this document contain: (1) The Arts Standard 2006--High School; (2) Comprehensive Health Education/Physical Activity Standards 1997--Proficiency and Distinction (Grades 9-12); (3) Foreign and Native Language Standards 1997--Proficiency and…