The consequences of the tragic school shooting on May 24, 2022 at Robb Elementary School in Uvalde, Texas will reverberate for decades to come. Trauma on this level affects the survivors and bystanders who directly witnessed tragedy unfold on the school campus, families, friends, and first responders, as well as entire communities and onlookers…

Teacher-directed violence has been acknowledged as a major issue in research over the past decade. Teacher-directed violence is the over-arching term used to describe teachers' experiences with physical violence and aggression (i.e., harassment, intimidation, verbal threats). This study is the first to quantitatively compare general education and…

This poll was conducted between December 9-12, 2022 among a sample of 2,200 adults. The interviews were conducted online and the data were weighted to approximate a target sample of adults based on gender, educational attainment, age, race, and region. Among the key findings are: (1) One out of four parents indicate that their child has switched…

School safety is an important topic, and the existing trends in school shootings have increased the desire for implementing best practices in the safety of schools. Implementing trained and armed staff has been suggested for consideration as a best practice, but parents' perspectives on such has not been studied. The gap in research related to…