Using input and outcome data from a randomized study of dual-language immersion programs in an urban district, we examine the mediating relationships of dosage, expenditures, and classroom characteristics to students' academic performance, and the moderating role of students' race/ethnicity. Differential costs of immersion were concentrated at the…

Past studies have shown positive correlations between the arts and academic achievement when the arts were integrated into the literature curriculum. Other studies have shown positive associations between the arts and other areas of the curriculum, such as mathematics and science. Considering the Theory of Change, which employs understandings in…

A study was done to determine whether any community school districts within the purview of New York City Board of Education had been able to integrate the Chancellor's call to action for multicultural education at the Social Action-Decision Making level, which had been designated as the highest level of multicultural curriculum approaches. The…