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Hess, Frederick M.; Palmieri, Stafford; Scull, Janie – Thomas B. Fordham Institute, 2010
This study evaluates how welcoming thirty American cities--the twenty-five largest and five smaller "hotspots"--are to "nontraditional" problem-solvers and solutions. It assumes that the balky bureaucracies meant to improve K-12 education and hold leaders accountable are so calcified by policies, programs, contracts, and…
Descriptors: Municipalities, Urban Education, Public Education, Educational Change
Alexander, Karl L.; Griffin, Larry J. – 1975
This paper is a critique of the utility of Bidwell and Kasarda's "socio-ecological" model of school district-level academic achievement. The paper is considered to show that this model is seriously misspecified due to its omission of aggregate levels of academic ability. Based on achievement test data from the 24 school district of the…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Community Characteristics, Conceptual Schemes, Ecological Factors