Four separate societal movements in the past twenty-five years have brought about the belief that formal education is a means to an end rather than an end in and of itself: technological, educational, social, and population changes. Given these changes, the issue of urban desegregation must be reexamined from the viewpoint of the following…

During a 1-day conference addresses were presented on equal educational opportunities in cities and suburbs and on various plans, proposals, and programs for achieving quality integrated education. Discussion groups at the conference were concerned with such issues as a definition of equality, metropolitan approaches to educational problems, and…

Concepts and methods of geography are applied to the study of school desegregation in this paper. Beginning with a spatial/temporal view of desegregation, the key legal events which have charted the course of desegregation are reviewed, and geographic patterns over time are examined. This discussion is followed by an investigation of the…

The purpose of this assessment was to investigate the achievement patterns of black and white students in the Clark County School District since the implementation of the present desegregation plan. For this study, black students who are currently enrolled in the grade levels under study were used for comparison purposes. In addition, a sample of…

Chapter one examines the constitutional context of the busing issue and focuses on the way courts have dealt with the problem. Attention is divided between the United States Supreme Court's rulings and the work of the lower courts. When courts have required busing for desegregation there has almost inevitably been considerable public opposition.…

An Institute funded under Title IV of the 1964 Civil Rights Act was held during 1968-69 in order to concentrate on the attitudes of the administrative leadership of the schools involved in a busing program. The purpose of the Institute was to initiate and evaluate action programs to facilitate the implementation of the School System's…

On March 17, 1972, President Nixon submitted two bills to Congress designed to deal with the increasingly troublesome issue of court-ordered busing of school children for the purpose of desegregating public schools. The first of these measures is the "Student Transportation Moratorium Act of 1972," which would freeze such court-ordered…

A methodology for busing to achieve school desegregation is described. Two different approaches are proposed: a student interracial contact score and a quota method. Travel time and number of children bused are proxies for busing costs. Useful data include travel time, school capacity, and student residences for each region and level of school. A…

This study presents both demographic data and superintendents' reports of the processes and consequences of school desegregation for a nationally representative body of 1,292 school districts. The major analytic variable of the study is the nature and timing of steps to desegregate. The major conclusion that emerges is that desegregation actions…

This study evaluates the effects of school desegregation by court ordered busing on the subsequent dropout rate of majority and minority students. It also investigates the relationship of school socio-economic composition and teachers' expectations. The hypothesis of the study is that with the influence of school socio-economic composition…

Educational, legal, and political issues affect Northern school desegregation. The United States has failed to meet the challenge of developing a multiracial society in which minority group members are a significant part of the machinery of the national life. Two separate societies, one black and one white, are a reality both educationally and…

Results of a 1975 survey on racial attitudes of blacks and whites in Chicago are tabulated and analyzed in the four reports compiled in this book. In "Structure and Context of White Racial Attitudes," George Surgeon examines the racial beliefs of whites in terms of such factors as age, education, neighborhood, and sex of survey…

In this issue two of the articles are devoted to criticisms of compensatory education as an educational approach. Doxey A. Wilkerson feels that "make up" efforts "do not serve to realize that academic potential" of poverty children. Roger A. Freeman states that the recent enormous economic investment in educational improvement…

The Philadelphia experience very strongly indicates that at least in Philadelphia, and very probably in most large cities in the northeastern U.S., several factors--notably the geographic separation of the races within the city and the existence of a sizable non-public school system (Usually (Usually parochial)--preclude the effective…

This study reports the evaluation of the effects of a mandated busing program which integrated the student body in a K-8 suburban school district. A two phase, three year study gathered evaluation data on achievement, classroom instruction, student and staff attitudes, perceived classroom environments, and student behavior incidents. Evaluation…