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Peer reviewedWeinberg, Meyer – Integrated Education, 1972
Descriptors: Bus Transportation, Desegregation Effects, Desegregation Litigation, Desegregation Methods
Peer reviewedKillian, Lewis M. – Integrated Education, 1972
Descriptors: Black Power, Bus Transportation, Compensatory Education, Desegregation Litigation
Ball, Lester B. – American School Board Journal, 1972
Descriptors: Bus Transportation, Educational Finance, Educational Improvement, Educational Problems
Reading Newsreport, 1970
Descriptors: Bus Transportation, Discovery Learning, Early Childhood Education, Educational Improvement
Peer reviewedHennessey, Gary J. – Educational Forum, 1978
Historical overview considers the role of transportation in education before 1954, when school busing was used to improve education by consolidating rural schools and centralize effort in urban schools, and after the 1954 Supreme Court decision that racially segregated schools were inherently unequal. Different attitudes toward forced busing are…
Descriptors: Attitudes, Bus Transportation, Busing, Desegregation Methods
Peer reviewedRice, Constance – Western Journal of Black Studies, 1977
Seattle's voluntary desegregation plans have included a voluntary racial transfer program, a plan to improve middle schools in the central area, and a magnet school program. Their ineffectiveness has led civil rights organizations to complain to the federal government. Community sentiment against court-ordered desegregation revolves around the…
Descriptors: Bus Transportation, Community Role, Desegregation Methods, Desegregation Plans
Edwards, George – Crisis, 1976
Describes the history of the problem, shares thoughts about "bussing" and expresses concern about the growing problem of urban apartheid. (Author/AM)
Descriptors: Bias, Black Education, Bus Transportation, Court Role
Peer reviewedSchellenberg, James; Halteman, John – Urban Education, 1976
Results covering a period of two years (including three academic years) fail to give any evidence that elementary school children who are bussed do any better academically than those who remain in inner-city schools. (Author/AM)
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Bus Transportation, Desegregation Methods, Elementary School Students
Bell, Peter D. – 1987
Express routing, under consideration by San Diego (California) Public Schools, is a form of bus transportation that picks up and drops off students at centralized points instead of driving through residential neighborhoods. This report examines other, similar districts' experiences in applying express routing in integration and other school…
Descriptors: Bus Transportation, Busing, Cost Effectiveness, Desegregation Methods
Reutter, E. Edmund, Jr. – IAR Research Bulletin, 1974
Discusses a number of recent desegregation cases in which the United States Supreme Court has been called on to decide whether cross-district busing is an appropriate remedy for segregation. (JF)
Descriptors: Bus Transportation, Court Litigation, De Facto Segregation, De Jure Segregation
Jones, Nathaniel R. – 1977
This paper reviews school desegregation issues since the 1974 Milliken v. Bradley case. The Milliken decision ruled that crossing of school district lines for desegregation was not permissible. Dissenters from this ruling predicted that the effects of the decision would be an acceleration of the national trend toward residential, political and…
Descriptors: Black Students, Bus Transportation, Elementary Secondary Education, Ghettos
Peer reviewedWolf, Robert L.; Simon, Rita J. – Educational Researcher, 1975
Results from this small scale sociometric study suggest that after seven years of busing in one Midwest community, friendship across race has not substantially improved. Whether busing produces anything of value is questioned. (AM)
Descriptors: Bus Transportation, Children, Elementary School Students, Friendship
Download full textFOSTER, G.W., JR. – 1965
THIS ARTICLE LISTS GUIDELINES PREPARED BY A CONSULTANT TO THE OFFICE OF EDUCATION TO AID SCHOOL AUTHORITIES IN THE SOUTH TO COMPLY WITH TITLE VI OF THE 1964 CIVIL RIGHTS ACT. THE TITLE REQUIRES COMPLIANCE IN DESEGREGATING THE SCHOOLS AS A PRECONDITION FOR FEDERAL FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE. SCHOOL DISTRICTS MUST CHOOSE EITHER TO (1) SUBMIT THE…
Descriptors: Bus Transportation, Civil Rights Legislation, Consultants, Desegregation Methods
Commission on Civil Rights, Washington, DC. – 1977
In 1968, a determination that de facto segregation was present in the Erie, Pennsylvania School System was made. This was made on the basis that there were six schools having an 80% or more black student population. These schools were located in black areas. There were also 16 schools with an 80% or more white student population located in white…
Descriptors: Black Attitudes, Black Students, Bus Transportation, Desegregation Effects
Coleman, James S. – 1975
In this paper, the author analyzes what has happened since 1954 in the area of school integration and suggests what he feels are appropriate policies for the future. He identifies two major changes that have affected school integration since 1954--a change in residential patterns that has increased segregation in recent years, and a change in the…
Descriptors: Bus Transportation, Civil Rights, Desegregation Methods, Elementary Secondary Education
