The text of the Atlanta Declaration made by the NAACP in May 1954 in response to the Supreme Court decision banning segregation in public schools is presented. (MC)

Despite effective desegregation efforts in such places as Milwaukee, Seattle, and Atlanta, evidence suggests that the nation's schools are slipping back into segregation. The focus and constant pursuit must remain high quality education for all children. (SK)

Testifying on housing patterns in St. Louis (Missouri), this expert indicates that St. Louis has been, and continues to be, a highly racially segregated metropolitan area, where the housing effects of past discrimination have not disappeared. Schools remain an important factor in the voluntary choice of residential area. (SLD)

May 17, 2004 marked the 50th anniversary of the Supreme Court's decision in the historic school desegregation case, "Oliver L. Brown et al. v. Board of Education of Topeka (KS) et al." After concluding a survey of elementary school teachers about the struggle for school desegregation in the 1950s and 60s, this author found that, in most…

The story of Brown is compelling. Blacks and Whites alike understood that the Jim Crow system of "separate but equal" was a convenient fiction. There was no actual effort to ensure that Whites and Blacks were provided the same services. Invariably, the White schools had higher funding, better buildings, newer supplies and so on. Indeed,…

American schools, resegregating gradually for almost two decades, are now experiencing accelerating isolation and this will doubtless be intensified by the recent decision of the U.S. Supreme Court. In June 2007, the Supreme Court handed down its first major decision on school desegregation in 12 years in the Louisville and Seattle cases. A…

This paper sought to explain why different amounts of coercion were required to eliminate racially segregated dual schools in the South and to reflect on the implications of these findings for achieving school desegregation in the North. (Author/RK)

This paper examines judicial developments in the wake of the Keyes decision, with particular emphasis on two recent Michigan cases. (Author)

Elementary school enrollments for the Fall of 1983 in Broward County (Florida) were studied in order to test the following hypothesis: relevant policy promulgated by the Board of Education did not result in "racially" balanced elementary schools. These specific questions were addressed: (1) To what extent were the elementary schools of…

Sets out the school discipline-related problems encountered in Boston's first year of desegregation, the Massachusetts Advocacy Center's attempts to resolve them, and the instances where the strategies and tactics developed proved inadequate. (Author/IRT)

TOKEN INTEGRATION IN THE SOUTH HAD ESSENTIALLY THE SAME GOAL THAT MASSIVE RESISTANCE HAD, IT TRIED TO PRESERVE THE ALREADY ESTABLISHED SEGREGATION. THOUGH IT MET THE DEMANDS OF THE SUPREME COURT BY ALLOWING SOME INTEGRATION, IT STILL MAINTAINED DE FACTO SEGREGATION. METHODS OF KEEPING SCHOOL INTEGRATION AT A TOKEN LEVEL INCLUDED PUPIL PLACEMENT…

THE COSTS, BOTH IN MONEY AND HUMAN SPIRIT, INCURRED BY THE SOUTH'S RESISTANCE TO EQUAL OPPORTUNITY HAVE BEEN FAR GREATER THAN THIS AREA AND THE NATION ARE ABLE TO AFFORD. THE ECONOMY OF MANY SOUTHERN COMMUNITIES HAS SUFFERED BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO ATTRACT INDUSTRY AND INVESTMENT, LOSS TO THE CONSUMER MARKET DUE TO BOYCOTTS, POLICE AND JAIL COSTS,…

Federal courts have been charged with devising relief that corrects unconstitutional school segregation since the Supreme Court's historic decision against state-approved dual school systems in "Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka" in 1954. The split decisions of the Supreme Court in segregation cases during the 1970s have made it…

Two major perspectives on desegregated school patterns can be seen in the papers in this volume. Most of the papers describe some aspect of intergroup dynamics including forms of competition and conflict. The second theme represented is that of the reflection of macrolevel structural features in the school setting. (Author/EB)