One premise of the Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court decision was that racial injustice could be eliminated through court ordered desegregation. Twenty-three years after Brown I, segregation continues to be one of the most complex issues confronting the country. The failure to distinguish between means (busing school children) and ends…

Three basic reasons commend metropolitan approaches to public school desegregation in urban America. The first of these reasons is widely understood: the racial demography of many of the nation's cities demands a metropolitan perspective on the process. Related to this factor is the second reason: metropolitan approaches deter resegregation.…

Desegregation of the Fort Wayne, Indiana, schools has been a focus of concern since the 1960s. However, although Fort Wayne has successfully desegregated its secondary schools within the past 10 years, progress to eliminate racial isolation at the elementary school level has been considerably slower. The present study reviews that progress over…

This dissertation investigated, under conditions of court-ordered desegregation accomplished by "forced" busing, the assumption that desegregation brings achievement gains for blacks but that it has no negative effects on white achievement. Reading and arithmetic achievement of a sample of 429 upper elementary students (both black and…

In this monograph, the author presents a history of court decisions that outlawed public school segregation, reviews these decisions, and examines the problems of decision implementation that followed. The texts of some of the opinions delivered by the various courts are presented. Various relevant concepts are also set out in the context of their…

This report reviews the first year of integration, under the implementation of the Six-District Plan, of the elementary schools in Springfield, Massachusetts. Through this plan the school department changed the racial composition in five previously imbalanced elementary schools and integrated the elementary school system. Redistricting, the…

Only a mandatory, staggered-attendance plan offers the opportunity to produce savings when converting a school or an entire district to a year-round plan. (Author/MLF)

For the first time in years, busing did not noticeably disrupt the opening of public schools. Instead there were a rash of teacher strikes, prospects of bankruptcy, and fretting over school budgets. An analysis of the school situation in Cleveland, New Orleans, Los Angeles, New York, and Boston is presented. (Author/RK)

Reviews research on the effect of school integration on the achievement and self-concept of students, finds it noneffective, and contends that the entire issue of integration needs to be reviewed. (Author/MLF)

Examines the effects of school desegregation by suggesting some reasons why those who review the research might misinterpret or misrepresent the evidence; and by summarizing what is known about two significant types of outcomes--academic achievement, and busing and "white flight." (Author/MLF)

Notes that community participation in or community control of schools is again a relevant issue. Its relevance is directly related to the current large scale resistance to public school desegregation. (Author/AM)

Forced busing failed because it ultimately produced resegregation and drew attention away from questions of educational quality. The Reagan Administration and the federal courts have favored more flexible desegregation efforts--voluntary transfer programs, open enrollment, and magnet schools--that hold greater promise of producing equality of…

Notes that racial integration in the most northern urban cities is in a regressional stage. (Author)

Suggests that one thing that can be done for the United States is to send black, white and other children to the same public school and defends this assertion. The last part of the paper considers whether the bus as a symbol of the position stated can be defended against serious objections. (Author/AM)