This paper addresses the following two questions: (1) What historical events led to the conflict between the Chinatown community and the larger political system? and (2) What caused the creation and demise of this separate school system? (Author/AM)

Discusses the Fourth Circuit Court's decision in "Riddick v. School Board of Norfolk" allowing the school board to stop busing children even though the return to neighborhood schools creates many racially isolated schools. The argument turns on whether segregation is "de jure" or "de facto"; the distinguishing factor…

Strategies for racial integration are reviewed theoretically and examples cited. It is contended that action space, territoriality, and neighborhood have not been adequately considered in their impact on students, parents, and residents. Access to increased mobility should be made equally available to all segments of society. (NH)

The order on implementation of the May 1954 ruling on school desegregation, delivered by Chief Justice Earl Warren, is presented. The NAACP's statement on the order, made on the same day, is also given. (MC)

Examined the influence of educational desegregation on cognitive performance. Data from African American adults who had attended desegregated (DS) versus segregated (SS) schools indicated that DS adults had significantly higher mean cognitive scores than SS adults. After controlling for age, gender, years of education, and years in desegregated…

This review brings together 21 studies on the long-term effects of school desegregation on the life chances of African American students. These studies draw on perpetuation theory, a macro-micro theory of racial segregation. They support the idea that interracial contact in school can help blacks overcome perpetual segregation. (SLD)

Discusses the opinion held by some Blacks and many Whites that Supreme Court enforcement of the separate but equal rule of Plessy v. Ferguson would have produced better educational opportunities for blacks than one of forced racial integration. Suggests that this theory is incorrect, particularly in regard to African Americans in northern states.…

More than thirty cases involving desegregation of public school systems handed down in the first 25 years after Brown v. Board of Education, Topeka, Kansas, by the U.S. Supreme Court are discussed. However, the last 25 years have resulted in a situation of having the nation taking one step forward and half a step backwards, due to the conditions…

In this article we explore the dynamic interplay between racism and ableism or discrimination against someone based on perceived ability in the resistance to school desegregation and inclusion of students with disabilities in general education. In attending to the workings of power that connect these two histories, we show how racialized notions…

Commemorating and reflecting on the 50th anniversary of the Supreme Court's decision in "Brown v. Board of Education," this article reexamines their impact on school desegregation efforts. Specifically, this article traces the history of the Supreme Court's rulings in cases focused on outlining and clarifying the proper implementation of…

A study of areawide school desegregation in Duval County, Florida, during the 1971-72 and 1972-73 school years suggests that suburban diffusion of the white population, with the resulting necessity for cross-busing between central cities and suburbs, does not in itself constitute a barrier to consolidated desegregation planning. (Author/JG)

In this article, William Gipson talks about the impact of two important figures in his life--his maternal grandfather, a Louisianian born in 1906 and his own father, a very outspoken, strong-willed minister. Gipson discusses their influence as he grew up in segregated communities in the South and the impact of "Brown v. Board of…

IT IS HELD THAT DEFACTO SEGREGATION AND INTEGRATION HAVE NO PRACTICAL DEFINITIONS. RACIAL BALANCE ALONE DOES NOT OFFER AN ACCURATE DEFINITION OF SEGREGATION. STATISTICS WERE PRESENTED ON THE DEGREE OF RACIAL SEGREGATION IN THE DISTRICT. THE INFLUX OF NEW PUPILS FROM OUTSIDE THE DISTRICT WAS CONSIDERED. SCHOOL POLICIES AND PRACTICES IN RELATION TO…