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Showing 31 to 45 of 69 results Save | Export
Hanna, Glenda – 1996
This paper reviews aspects of Canadian and U.S. law related to liability and negligence of outdoor programs and suggests strategies for risk management. To prove negligence, an individual injured in an outdoor program must prove that the outdoor leader had a duty of care to the participant, standards of care were breached, actual injury was…
Descriptors: Accidents, Court Litigation, Foreign Countries, Leadership Responsibility
Petzoldt, Paul – Outdoor Communicator, 1982
The National Standard Program for Outdoor Leadership Certification does not answer all needs for outdoor leadership, but it does provide nationally recognized curriculum and evaluations, availability of criterion for certification, persons with various educational degrees also certified for outdoor education, and a safe, enjoyable, and productive…
Descriptors: Certification, Curriculum, Experience, Leadership
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Berman, Dene; Davis-Berman, Jennifer – Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 2002
The novelty and challenge of the wilderness, often cited as the basis for growth, can also precipitate emotional crises. Leaders should help the participant restore equilibrium through empathic listening and emotional support. If that fails, a model is presented for inhibiting the escalation of aggression or violence. Defusing and debriefing after…
Descriptors: Anxiety, Catharsis, Coping, Crisis Management
Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Leadership, 1993
Discusses Alan Hales's model of safety management in the context of caving. When two sets of hazards, human and environmental, are present together, risk occurs. Objective risk is uncontrollable and should be avoided in educational settings; subjective risk is controllable. Presents positive and negative strategies for engaging or avoiding…
Descriptors: Accident Prevention, Adventure Education, Educational Strategies, Experiential Learning
Dynon, John; Loynes, Chris – Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Leadership, 1990
Describes duties and responsibilities of outdoor instructors under British criminal and civil law. Discusses elements of negligence under civil law including damage, duty of care, standard of care, in loco parentis, students' duty of care, foreseeability, and employer's legal duty. Presents risk management in terms of primary, secondary, and…
Descriptors: Accidents, Adventure Education, Civil Law, Criminal Law
Ford, Phyllis; Blanchard, Jim – 1993
Outdoor leadership aims to assist outdoor participants in making logical and safe transitions from the routine of everyday life to a positive interaction with the natural world. Designed for outdoor leaders and administrators of recreational, educational, and adventure programs, this book provides an overview of current professional practices in…
Descriptors: Camping, Conservation (Environment), Group Dynamics, Leadership
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Priest, Simon – Journal of Experiential Education, 1984
A survey completed by 189 persons attending the 1983 National Association for Experiential Education Conference resulted in a rank ordered list of 39 competency areas, considered essential to the effective outdoor leader. Respondents placed greatest importance on items related to safety, group counseling, and interaction. (JHZ)
Descriptors: Adventure Education, Group Dynamics, Interpersonal Competence, Job Skills
Joyce, Peter, Ed.; Poff, Raymond, Ed. – 2001
This proceedings begins with a brief history of the International Conference on Outdoor Recreation and Education (ICORE), 1984-2001. Association of Outdoor Recreation and Education (AORE) Leadership Award recipients are then listed, followed by an annotated bibliography of the 16 winners of the National Outdoor Book Award. The proceedings contains…
Descriptors: Adventure Education, Awards, College Programs, Courses
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Davis-Berman, Jennifer; Berman, Dene – Journal of Experiential Education, 2002
Outdoor leaders should address emotional safety and anxiety in program planning and reconsider the common practice of pushing participants, particularly troubled youth, out of comfort zones by purposefully increasing perceived risk. An alternative model of adventure education is proposed in which the greatest amount of change and growth comes from…
Descriptors: Adventure Education, Anxiety, Counselor Client Relationship, Educational Environment
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Galloway, Shane – Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 2002
A review of research in cognitive and social psychology reveals the importance of situation assessment in the development of decision-making expertise. A naturalistic training model is presented for outdoor leaders that includes training for ill-structured problems, a heavy workload, time stress, and high stakes, as well as multiple players and…
Descriptors: Adventure Education, Cognitive Psychology, Crisis Management, Decision Making
Terrell, Chris – Horizons, 2000
Examines ways that outdoor leaders can address the needs of individuals in a group context, balance the needs of group processes against course objectives, recognize and deal with issues of power and authority in groups, and address psychological health and safety matters. Focuses on leader awareness and behavior and on the leader-participant…
Descriptors: Adventure Education, Communication Skills, Group Dynamics, Group Guidance
Irwin, Cheryl; Phipps, Maurice – 1994
For over 7 years, the Wilderness Education Association (WEA) and three universities have been using a systematic approach to leadership training in the outdoors: the experiential leadership education (ELE) method. The effectiveness of this approach was investigated by an aerospace expert interested in leadership training for isolated groups. A…
Descriptors: Aerospace Industry, Experiential Learning, Higher Education, Leadership Styles
Wagstaff, Mark – 2003
Paul Petzoldt, co-founder of the Wilderness Education Association (WEA), helped mold the profession of outdoor leadership as we know it today. After his death in 1999, numerous field journals, old speeches, and personal correspondence were salvaged in order to refresh, clarify, and preserve Petzoldt's philosophy and teaching methods. The…
Descriptors: Decision Making, Educational Philosophy, Group Behavior, Leadership Qualities
Campbell, Richard – 1999
Many decisions made by outdoor leaders are critical to the well-being of an entire group. Understanding the psychology of groups is important to successful leadership. This paper presents ways that individuals are motivated in groups, how groups respond, some symptoms of problems, and strategies to divert problems that can overwhelm a group.…
Descriptors: Adventure Education, Conflict Resolution, Decision Making, Group Behavior
Cederquist, John – 1999
This paper lists 86 specific teaching methods for outdoor educators in the areas of content, technique, and group management. The methods were gleaned from a 30-day river instructor course conducted by the National Outdoor Leadership School. Relevant content is the heart of learning. Careful selection and coverage of topics during a course will…
Descriptors: Educational Environment, Experiential Learning, Group Dynamics, Group Instruction
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