In the late 1990s, an extensive consolidation of schools in rural China led to the amalgamation of numerous primary and secondary schools into urban schools or their discontinuation. The study aimed to investigate whether China's school consolidation movement has influenced the educational attainment of rural students. The data are sourced from…

In this paper, I made a historical and philosophical reflection on the social scientific categorization of "rural children" (nongcun ertong) in contemporary Chinese discourses of educational equality. The empowerment discourse about them as an educationally marginalized group based on scientific inquiry into their problems reflects a new…

This article inspires critical and creative thinking about the promotion of citizenship development through programmes of study designed primarily to enhance adults' vocational skills. It does so through presenting an empirical case study of an important adult education programme delivered by the Department of University Extension at the…

Examines the effect of the British educational scholarships created by the 1921 Corn Production Acts (Repeal). Points out that the act enabled sons and daughters of agricultural laborers to attend secondary schools in order to obtain agricultural education. Concludes that the scholarships helped the rural youth, the agricultural economy, and the…

Belize (formerly British Honduras) has achieved a good deal of success with its Rural Education and Agriculture Programme (REAP). REAP was initiated in 1976 to create the attitudes and provide the skills necessary for rural youth to make meaningful contributions to the country's agricultural development. Initiated by an intraministerial and…

The historical origins of student activism in Greece and an analysis of present activism in nine institutions of postsecondary education are described. The empirical analysis was based on a sample of nearly 1,500 students and revealed that activism relates mainly to the regional origin of the student. (Author/MLW)

Analyzing the effects of higher education accessibility, the present state of difficulties re: accessibility, and the functioning of various means of accessibility compensation, this paper presents the development of Polish education in terms of the social, political, and economic systems operative during the inter-war period (1918-39) and the…

Presenting both narrative and tabular data, this document emphasizes recent (1973-75) improvements in Poland's educational programs, policies, and legislation. Specifically, this paper addresses: (1) educational development during the 30 years of the Polish People's Republic (an historical comparison emphasizing post-war educational opportunities…

This report details the history of making higher education available to young workers and peasants in the USSR since the October Revolution of 1917. The paper is organized into six sections. The first section introduces the paper and outlines the educational system in the Soviet Union, especially the types of higher educational institutions. The…

How education has been used for rural development in the People's Republic of China since 1949 may have important lessons for other nations, particularly in the area of nonformal schools. Responsibility for all education lies with the commune. Educational programs, enthusiastically received by the people, support local needs and development rather…