Using a self-report questionnaire, this study investigated smoking experimentation among 374 rural, black fifth graders and white fifth graders. Results indicated that 26% of males and 16% of females had tried cigarettes. Black students and white students had similar smoking experimentation rates. Peer and parent smoking affected students smoking…

The Upward Bound program seeks to promote high school completion and college attendance of high school students who come from low-income families or have parents who did not complete college. Specifically, Upward Bound projects provide academic instruction, career planning, and college application services, during the regular school year and…

An education evaluation program was begun in 1950: (1) to compare school achievement of Indian and white children in small, rural schools, grades 4 through 12, and (2) to establish a predictive testing program to aid in meeting the requirements for granting educational loans to Indian pupils. By 1955, California Achievement Tests had been…