After reviewing the implications of nonreflective and reflective stances, the conclusion is that applied researchers adopting a social action perspective actually maximize their obligations as scholar-scientists even though a nonneutral posture is assumed. (Author/BW)

Interaction between cognitive styles, stages of paradigm-disciplinary development, and gender stereotypes could explain underrepresentation of women in science. Because male scientists' cognitive styles were found to be related to career choice, evaluation behavior, research success, and productivity, they are also related to the position of women…