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Linearity and Nonlinearity in HIV/STI Transmission: Implications for the Evaluation of Sexual Risk Reduction Interventions
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Pinkerton, Steven D.; Chesson, Harrell W.; Crosby, Richard A.; Layde, Peter M. – Evaluation Review, 2011
A mathematical model of HIV/sexually transmitted infections (STI) transmission was used to examine how linearity or nonlinearity in the relationship between the number of unprotected sex acts (or the number of sex partners) and the risk of acquiring HIV or a highly infectious STI (such as gonorrhea or chlamydia) affects the utility of sexual…
Descriptors: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Risk, Behavior Change
PartyIntents: A Portal Survey to Assess Gay and Bisexual Men's Risk Behaviors at Weekend Parties
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Ramchand, Rajeev; Becker, Kirsten; Ruder, Teague; Fisher, Michael P. – Evaluation Review, 2011
PartyIntents examines whether portal survey methods could be used to anonymously survey gay and bisexual men about HIV-risk behaviors before and after a weekend party-oriented vacation. The study recruited 97% of eligible men and of these 489 participants 47% completed the follow-up assessment. Approximately one half of the men intended to use…
Descriptors: Homosexuality, Sexual Orientation, Males, Behavior
When Do Simpler Sexual Behavior Data Collection Techniques Suffice?: An Analysis of Consequent Uncertainty in HIV Acquisition Risk Estimates
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Pinkerton, Steven D.; Benotsch, Eric G.; Mikytuck, John – Evaluation Review, 2007
The "gold standard" for evaluating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention programs is a partner-by-partner sexual behavior assessment that elicits information about each sex partner and the activities engaged in with that partner. When collection of detailed partner-by-partner data is not feasible, aggregate data (e.g., total…
Descriptors: Prevention, Sexuality, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Data Collection
An Alternative Model of the Reproductive Rate of HIV Infection: Formulation, Evaluation, and Implications for Risk Reduction Interventions.
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Pinkerton, Steven D.; Abramson, Paul R. – Evaluation Review, 1994
Estimates of the reproductive rate of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), obtained through a Bernoulli process model, indicate that decreasing the infectivity of the virus, through the use of condoms, for example, is more effective at reducing the infection rate than is limiting the number of sexual partners. (SLD)
Descriptors: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, Communicable Diseases, Disease Control, Epidemiology
Evaluating the Risks: A Bernoulli Process Model of HIV Infection and Risk Reduction.
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Pinkerton, Steven D.; Abramson, Paul R. – Evaluation Review, 1993
A Bernoulli process model of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is used to evaluate infection risks associated with various sexual behaviors (condom use, abstinence, or monogamy). Results suggest that infection is best mitigated through measures that decrease infectivity, such as condom use. (SLD)
Descriptors: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, Condoms, Contraception, Disease Control
Scaling Up HIV Voluntary Counseling and Testing in Africa. What Can Evaluation Studies Tell Us About Potential Prevention Impacts?
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Glick, Peter – Evaluation Review, 2005
Although there is a widespread belief that scaling up HIV voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) programs in Africa will have large prevention benefits through reductions in risk behaviors, these claims are difficult to establish from existing evaluations of VCT. Considerations from behavioral models and the available data suggest that as VCT…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Scaling, Prevention
Adolescent Syndromes of Risk for HIV Infection.
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Hennessy, Michael – Evaluation Review, 1994
Using data from the Youth Risk Behavioral Survey of more than 11,600 adolescents, risks for a general-risk group, reporting behavior indirectly linked to the disease, and a high-risk group reporting more risky behaviors, are estimated. Results highlight the weaknesses of behavioral-risk studies and the questionable nature of risk groups. (SLD)
Descriptors: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, Adolescents, At Risk Persons, Attitudes