Sixty males received either one, 5, or 9 electric shocks of varying magnitude from a confederate during a 10-trial probability estimation task. Following initial trials, subject and confederate reversed roles, and subjects were permitted equal opportunity to counter-aggress against the confederate. One-half the subjects had been forewarned of role…

This study examined whether dissonance is, phenomenologically, an aversive state. Experimental subjects were induced to write counterattitudinal essays under a high-choice condition. Evaluates subjects' reactions toward taking pills designed to bring about dissonance. (Editor/RK)

This experiment asks whether filmed violence will have an aggression enhancing effect an hour after the movie is viewed as well as immediately afterwards. It also inquires whether a preliminary attack upon an available target right after the film is seen helps maintain the heightened aggressive tendency initially produced by the movie. (Author/RK)

It was hypothesized that subjects who liked a source of potential harm would estimate the probability of receiving harm mediated by him as lower than would subjects who disliked the source. To test the hypothesis, subjects were asked to estimate the probability that a liked or disliked confederate would deliver an electric shock on each of 10…

The experiment tested the hypothesis that the stress experienced by a person who is unable to control aversive stimulation is not a function of lack of control per se, but of the attribution of causality that one makes for failure to exert control. (Editor)