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Allen, Ron; Kupfer, Jeff; Malagodi, E. F. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2008
Pigeons' keypecking was maintained under two- and three-component chained schedules of food presentation. The component schedules were all fixed-interval schedules of either 1- or 2-min duration. Across conditions the presence of houselight illumination within each component schedule was manipulated. For each pigeon, first-component response rates…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Animals, Animal Behavior, Behavioral Science Research
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Bullock, Christopher E.; Hackenberg, Timothy D. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2006
Four pigeons were exposed to second-order schedules of token reinforcement, with stimulus lights serving as token reinforcers. Tokens were earned according to a fixed-ratio (token-production) schedule, with the opportunity to exchange tokens for food (exchange period) occurring after a fixed number had been produced (exchange-production ratio).…
Descriptors: Token Economy, Reinforcement, Animals, Animal Behavior
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Odum, Amy L.; Ward, Ryan D. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2004
Recent experiments suggest that the effects of drugs of abuse on the discrimination of the passage of time may differ for experimenter-imposed and subject-produced events. The current experiment examined this suggestion by determining the effects of morphine on the discrimination of interresponse times (IRTs). Pigeons pecked a center key on a…
Descriptors: Responses, Drug Abuse, Intervals, Animals
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Shahan, Timothy A.; Lattal, Kennon A. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2005
Two experiments with pigeons examined the effects of unsignaled, nonresetting delays of reinforcement on responding maintained by different reinforcement rates. In Experiment 1, 3-s unsignaled delays were introduced into each component of a multiple variable-interval (VI) 15-s VI 90-s VI 540-s schedule. When considered as a proportion of the…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Delay of Gratification, Resistance to Change, Animals
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Campbell, Una C.; Winsauer, Peter J.; Stevenson, Michael W.; Moerschbaecher, Joseph M. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2004
The present study investigated the effects of positive and negative GABA[subscript A] modulators under three different baselines of repeated acquisition in squirrel monkeys in which the monkeys acquired a three-response sequence on three keys under a second-order fixed-ratio (FR) schedule of food reinforcement. In two of these baselines, the…
Descriptors: Accuracy, Language Acquisition, Multivariate Analysis, Animals
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Berg, Mark E.; Grace, Randolph C. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2004
In Phase 1, 4 pigeons were trained on a three-component multiple concurrent-chains procedure in which components differed only in terms of relative terminal-link entry rate. The terminal links were variable-interval schedules and were varied across four conditions to produce immediacy ratios of 4:1, 1:4, 2:1, and 1:2. Relative terminal-link entry…
Descriptors: Animals, Animal Behavior, Behavioral Science Research, Intervals