The budgets of several English research laboratories for at least eight consecutive years were examined to obtain an estimate of the rate of change of cost per scientist. Trends were considered separately for wages, buildings and equipment. The largest real-price growth rates per scientist were in major equipment costs, with increases of up to 20…

Describes the educational process involved in becoming a scientist, the different dimensions of academic science, industrialized science, the scientists' management of research and development, scientists in their social context, and the vocational motivation for becoming a scientist. (DS)

A case study of a science-technology major illustrates the thinking and praxis changes that occurred in cooperative work placements. He became enculturated to research science through his experience in communities of practice. (Contains 30 references.) (SK)

Developmental researchers face a perilous path as they set out to perform research with child advocacy potential. We offer our observations regarding how researchers can navigate the path between science (the "rock") and advocacy (the "soft place"), based on our recent experience as directors of the MacArthur Juvenile Adjudicative Competence…

Drawing on existing work on popularizations, this investigation of book-length scholarly essays by practicing scientists across three disciplines reveals a hybrid genre that is neither popularization nor research report. The study utilizes both textual analysis and personal commentary from the writer-researchers to achieve a three-way comparison…

The conversation between myself and Professor Lederman took place in Malmö, Sweden on August 25, 2007. The purpose of the conversation was to elaborate on the past, present and future of nature of science research and also to provide insights for beginning researchers. In this text I am providing the questions about which we talked and my…

The norms of science define appropriate and inappropriate scholarly or research role performance. The four norms described in this study are (1) universalism: research is assessed on its merit, not particularistic criteria; (2) commonality: research must be made public and shared with the research community; (3) disinterestedness: research is…

Hundreds of researchers around the world are rushing to produce new ceramic materials that lose all resistance to electricity, causing a volume of publications that is pressing the limits of communication, causing innovation in the procedures of scientific publication, and creating concern about credit for discoveries. (MSE)

Discusses three major reasons why more women do not pursue research positions in science and technology: (1) lack of awareness of female role models; (2) social rejection in graduate schools and sexual pressures on the job; and (3) lack of technological literacy. Makes recommendations to solve these problems. (JOW)

Highlights the significance of what happens when scientists cite and paraphrase the conclusions of past research. Discusses the implications of changing the hedges that describe the uncertainty of the conclusions, which in turn can change the uncertainty of past results. (Contains 42 references.) (DDR)

Researchers studying science communication often examine how texts addressed to different audiences contribute to the formation of knowledge on a given issue. This article examines how arguments on scientific issues travel from text to text by considering how certain figures of speech persist from version to version. It uses a specialized genre of…

Traces the background of the Government's patent policy as a contractor including the Kennedy and Nixon statements, which served finally to establish a government-wide policy. The author considers the new policy consistent and protective of the rights of both Government and the contractor but notes that it is now questioned on Constitutional…

The National Center for Health Services Research and Development supports individual research training in an institutional setting for the development of competence in research techniques relevant to the organization, delivery, quality, financing, utilization, and evaluation of health delivery systems. The evolution of health services science…