Analyzing the context that involves historical and current reasons of gender inequality in Brazil, this study aims to analyze the positive Brazilian legislation regarding women's performance in scientific research and its effectiveness. The subject is extremely relevant for two main reasons: first, due to the absence of current research that thoroughly examines the effectiveness of laws in favor of women's performance in Brazilian science. Second, because despite the progressive advances, it is necessary to monitor women's performance with the purpose of subsidizing policies aimed at confronting inequalities. The methodology used was bibliographic review and the research technique used was indirect documental by means of written bibliographic and documentary sources. This analysis showed the lack of specific policies to encourage and ensure women's performance in the scientific field and especially the low effectiveness of existing policies. Although neutrality and impartiality are fundamental principles for doing science, in concrete reality and from a gender perspective, the academic and scientific environment are still biased and partial.