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Mathur, Maya B.; VanderWeele, Tyler J. – Research Synthesis Methods, 2021
Selective publication and reporting in individual papers compromise the scientific record, but are meta-analyses as compromised as their constituent studies? We systematically sampled 63 meta-analyses (each comprising at least 40 studies) in "PLoS One," top medical journals, top psychology journals, and Metalab, an online, open-data…
Descriptors: Periodicals, Peer Evaluation, Bias, Meta Analysis
S. Stanley Young; Warren Kindzierski; David Randall – National Association of Scholars, 2021
"Shifting Sands: Unsound Science and Unsafe Regulation" examines how irreproducible science affects select areas of government policy and regulation governed by different federal agencies. This first report on "PM[subscript 2.5] Regulation" focuses on irreproducible research in the field of environmental epidemiology, which…
Descriptors: Public Policy, Federal Regulation, Public Agencies, Epidemiology
Stanley, T. D.; Doucouliagos, Hristos – Research Synthesis Methods, 2017
Our study revisits and challenges two core conventional meta-regression estimators: the prevalent use of 'mixed-effects' or random-effects meta-regression analysis and the correction of standard errors that defines fixed-effects meta-regression analysis (FE-MRA). We show how and explain why an unrestricted weighted least squares MRA (WLS-MRA)…
Descriptors: Meta Analysis, Least Squares Statistics, Publications, Bias
Pigott, Therese D.; Valentine, Jeffrey C.; Polanin, Joshua R.; Williams, Ryan T.; Canada, Dericka D. – Educational Researcher, 2013
Outcome-reporting bias occurs when primary studies do not include information about all outcomes measured in a study. When studies omit findings on important measures, efforts to synthesize the research using systematic review techniques will be biased and interpretations of individual studies will be incomplete. Outcome-reporting bias has been…
Descriptors: Educational Research, Research Reports, Bias, Outcome Measures
Rothstein, Hannah R.; Bushman, Brad J. – Psychological Methods, 2012
It is well documented that studies reporting statistically significant results are more likely to be published than are studies reporting nonsignificant results--a phenomenon called "publication bias". Publication bias in meta-analytic reviews should be identified and reduced when possible. Ferguson and Brannick (2012) argued that the inclusion of…
Descriptors: Research Reports, Academic Discourse, Context Effect, Bias
Torgerson, Carole J. – British Journal of Educational Studies, 2006
The term "publication bias" usually refers to the tendency for a greater proportion of statistically significant positive results of experiments to be published and, conversely, a greater proportion of statistically significant negative or null results not to be published. It is widely accepted in the fields of healthcare and psychological…
Descriptors: Bias, Research Reports, Educational Research, Literature Reviews