The purpose of this study was to investigate the difficulties pre-service teachers experience in conducting and writing research projects. A concurrent mixed research design was utilized to identify the primary difficulties. To collect the data, the study employed a questionnaire and document analysis. A closed-end questionnaire was administered…

This article reports on hopes and challenges in the first attempt to assist Ethiopian student teachers to develop practical awareness about action research through collaborative learning methods. First, the candidates were organized as a cohort. Then a framework was developed to help them construct reflective questions before and during action…