This paper discusses a basic methodological and philosophical confusion in the study of human communication. Various scholars have assumed that the study, description, and definition of various systems have led to an understanding of the processes which underlie, or generate, human communication behavior. In effect, two levels of analysis and…

Differences among students in writing behaviors were found according to learning environments, sex, and developmental factors. (JH)

To test the hypothesis that item-selection artifacts may distort data from the overt-rehearsal procedure in single-trial free recall, a controlled procedure was used where to-be-rehearsed items were presented to the subject rather than selected by him. No differences were found between the two procedures. (SW)

Survey responses of 121 professionals in applied linguistics indicated a range of knowledge of the concepts and procedures associated with empirical research. Respondents also showed differing attitudes about the usefulness of statistics and techniques in research methodology and the need to be informed about such procedures. (Author/CB)

Attempts to tackle theoretical and empirical problems of measurement in the study of linguistic minorities from sociological and demographic perspectives. The operations of a language community, the growth of a language group, language shift, and language maintenance are addressed in terms of language community membership, current language…

Discusses flaws in research about second-language learning strategies, including the restricted scope of strategies envisaged in the studies, the lack of theory-relatedness, the research methodology used, and the cultural universality/specificity of learning strategies. (CB)

Reviews research on appropriate methodologies to use in studying native or second language acquisition and points out that both quantitative and qualitative research methods are used in different ways of study in the field. (CB)

This article explores the notion that the assumptions on which the process of linguistic analysis is based relate to linguistic universals. The kinds of universals that underlie the process and their role in it are examined. (CLK)

Presented at the fall meeting of the American Psychoanalytic Association, New York City, December 13, 1969. (VM)

Special issue devoted to neurolinguistics and neuropsychology. (VM)

An attempt is made to describe second language behavior and language transfer in cybernetic terms. This should make it possible to translate language into machine language and to clarify psycholinguistic explanations of second language performance. (PMJ)

Measures of pragmatic development for children in the second year of life were developed based on a 30-minute language sample drawn from 20 children. Results support the view that the range of pragmatic functions grows steadily during the one-word and early two-word stage and that it is measurable. (Author/AM)

Reports on studies examining the extent to which mothers tailor their speech to a child's level of linguistic ability. Methodological implications for language acquisition research are discussed. (AM)

On the basis of an analysis of several earlier classifications of language functions a three-dimensional classification is presented. It interprets the utterance in question in terms of 1) the speaker's intended influence on the listener, 2) the speaker's intentions and attitudes, and 3) the speaker's intentions with respect to the content of the…

This paper describes the apparatus and methods of recording used in a study of language acquisition. Recording equipment, study time and length and procedures are discussed. (CHK)