This issue presents six papers that provide both a historical perspective on and state-of-the-art knowledge about the study of clinical reasoning in medicine. A retrospective is followed by reviews of four approaches to clinical reasoning and an empirical study of current work in the field. (SLD)

Medical educators debate which models of scientific research should be applied to problems in academic medicine. The reigning model was derived from the first scientific revolution of Newtonian physics. The emerging model is grounded in the second scientific revolution of Einstein's quantum physics. (Author/MSE)

In addition to "formal" reference citations in scientific journals, articles also contain further references. The main findings of an examination of non-indexed indirect-collective citedness (NIICC) are presented; two representative, elite physics journals were examined. Further research is needed to reveal the life course and nature of the ICC…

Some explanations for scientific misconduct are examined, including those based on theories of individual psychopathology, anomie, and alienation. An alternative explanation, drawing on the concept of social control, is presented, and implications for research and policy are examined. (MSE)

Emotion regulation has emerged as a popular topic, but there is doubt about its viability as a scientific construct. This article identifies conceptual and methodological challenges in this area of study and describes exemplar studies that provide a substantive basis for inferring emotion regulation. On the basis of those studies, 4 methods are…

The distinction between qualitative and quantitative modes of research has become fashionable in recent years. Few accounts, however, clarify the distinction. This paper, then, is a contribution to the quality/quantity debate. It locates the origins and basis of such distinction in a split between "natural history" and "hypothetico-deductive"…

Psychological research on human subjects published in the Journal of Gerontology from 1963 through 1974 was summarized along a variety of dimensions, including subject selection procedures, sample characteristics, data analysis techniques, research design, author characteristics, and area of psychological research. (Author)

Empiricists work with general concepts defined by their observed sets of objects. Their explanations involve their general concepts derived by trial and error from their untheoretical observations and experience. This paper distinguishes empirical educational research from scientific research to avoid confusion between the two. A reason for the…

Recognizing that the past study of the rhetoric of science has focused on the link between the public and scientific realms and on the alleged ideological nature of science, this paper proposes the development of a problematic and methodology for the rhetoric of science which focuses on rhetoric internal to the natural sciences. The paper examines…

Describes the use of modeling techniques to contribute to the basic knowledge of ecologic science, and in solving problems of biological production, resource-use planning and management, and environmental quality. (JR)

This document discusses and critically reviews problems existing with utilizing traditional experimental methods in psychology, particularly engineering psychology. Experimental and correlational data collection methods are defined and compared. Arguments are presented for merging the more productive features of each. The combined approach is…

While the logic of science serves as the methodological framework for psychological research, its particular merit for educational evaluation has yet to filter into practical application. The logic of science provides a strategy for evaluating large and complex educational treatments that is a useful guide to program development and improvement.…

Reviews the history and impetus for continuing the practice of futurism (also known as futures studies, futures research, and futuristics). Reports on the Futures Group project sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF). Areas recommended for study by the group are listed. (CP)

Relates research in psychical occurrences (PSI) encompassing three types of phenomena--extrasensory perception, psychokinesis, and out-of-body survival after death--to the field of information science. Highlights include concepts facilitating acceptance of PSI, remote viewing, applications of PSI phenomena in the business field, and PSI and…

Some studies of science education indicate that many students are alienated from the subjects by their presentation, both verbal and textual. While some have stressed the need to build on students' existing knowledge, it may also be that much scientific presentation is unnecessarily abstruse and even misrepresentative of scientific practice. (MSE)