Presents a picture of the conditions in which discoveries are made and the effort required to reconstruct the conditions in which past discoveries were made. (SL)

Reports the University of New York at Albany has been charged with violations of federal and state regulations for not obtaining approval of an ethics committee to conduct research on human subjects. (SL)

Describes the growing pressures on the American system for conducting research, including new budgetary and political constraints, damage from cumulative neglect of the research infrastructure, and the changing nature/conduct of scientific research. To cope with these challenges, a national research strategy is recommended. Various aspects of the…

This article adopts "citation approach" to distinguish interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary research (IDR) from monodisciplinary research and begins to descrie how IDR differs from other research. Ten-year citation histories were constructed for sample of 1981 "citation classics" (over-cited articles) and examined for…

Notes that a minimum list of criteria for the engram would include an eventual high correlation with learned changes in behavior, lack of necessary correlation with the stimuli, and absence of necessary correlation with the motor response (Performance). (Author/AM)

The goal of this primer is to help policymakers and other interested individuals answer three big questions: (1) What does the research say? (2) Is the research trustworthy? (3) How can the research be used to guide policy? Answering these questions will help policymakers: (1) make evidenced-based decisions about education policies; (2) gain a…

This chapter discusses the way that mathematics curricula are developed in the United States. It suggests that curriculum development in mathematics education makes little progress because it fails to adhere to scientific methodology. Weaknesses in the current development process, how such development can become scientific, how curriculum…

Scientific inquiry reflects how scientists come to understand the natural world, and it is at the heart of how students learn. From a very early age, children interact with their environment, ask questions, and seek ways to answer those questions. Understanding science content is significantly enhanced when ideas are anchored to inquiry…

The author reviews the development of research in marriage counseling, offers some possible explanations as to why it has differed from general science research, and delineates some decisive issues for marriage counseling research. (Editor)

Describes techniques and results of a study on leaves of a leguminous tree. (PS)

Work supported in part by a Social Science Research Council research fellowship to R. L. Cooper. (VM)

Encourages holistic viewpoint in scientific research, particularly in the integration of isolated, short-range projects into ecosystems studies. Discusses links of the ecosystem level of research with the social sciences, assessment of technological and environmental impact, establishment of economic values, and political thought. (CS)

Presents a bibliometric methodology that provides a general overview of scientific disciplines with special attention to their interrelation. This work aims to establish a tentative typology of disciplines and research areas according to their degree of interdisciplinarity, measured through a series of indicators based on Institute for Scientific…

Examines the claim in a recent paper that biotechnology develops in a self-organizational mode, which is empirically supported by a multivariate analysis of documents from core biotechnology journals showing a relationship between title words and region of origin. This paper argues that this claim is an artifact of the method used. (Author/MES)