Proposes the development of state-specific sciences" to overcome the problems of scientifically studying altered states of consciousness induced by drugs or meditation from the paradigm of the ordinary consciousness state. The requirements of good observation, public nature of the observation, logical theorizing, and testing of theories by…

The main focus of YpsychologicalI research ought always to be the discovery of simple laws; these may or may not lead to new measures." Discusses types of psychological laws, psychological measurement, and experimental designs to test qualitative laws. (Author/AL)

Suggests that the course of scientific research cannot be planned, because, by its nature, it deals with the unknown. (AL)

Suggests using techniques developed for the application of physical science to technology, or analogues of them, to social sciences. This will involve cooperation of politicians, administrators, and research workers. (AL)

X-ray emitting bodies orbiting stars have been located. Research on black holes has brought out many characteristics of these X-ray emitting bodies. (PS)

Discusses research approaches to evaluating traffic flow, distinguishing between good and bad drivers and evaluating highway design. Includes reports of several studies. (EB)

Reported is a study of the activities and performance of institutional review boards to protect human research subjects. Institutional review boards had some direct impact on half of the proposals reviewed. The data raised questions about the effectiveness of some review board action. (Author/MP)

Newton's contribution to measure a phenomenon quantitatively and explain results along the lines of mechanical philosophy has been accepted as a common approach of science. Describes many of the mathematical relationships based on these lines that Newton found about different phenomena. (PS)

Defines meta-analysis as statistical procedures for combining results from previous separate studies. Discusses four charges promoted by some skeptics as it relates to this statistical procedure. States that many of the trends making a place for meta-analysis are disturbing. (RT)

Presents four letters pointing out design difficulties in the experiments of Morrison, Giordani, and Nagy in their investigation of reading disabilities, memory, and perception. (SL)

Reports the University of New York at Albany has been charged with violations of federal and state regulations for not obtaining approval of an ethics committee to conduct research on human subjects. (SL)

Encourages holistic viewpoint in scientific research, particularly in the integration of isolated, short-range projects into ecosystems studies. Discusses links of the ecosystem level of research with the social sciences, assessment of technological and environmental impact, establishment of economic values, and political thought. (CS)

Examines new directions in ecological research in which ecologists are analyzing systems with theoretical models and are using descriptive studies to confirm and extend their studies. The development of a model relating to species equilibriums on islands is now being applied to problems of conservation of wildlife in national parks. (JR)