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Effects of Hand-Held Calculators in Precollege Mathematics Education: A Meta-Analysis.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Hembree, Ray; Dessart, Donald J. – Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 1986
Findings of 79 research reports were analyzed to assess the effects of calculators on student achievement and attitudes. Except in grade four, use of calculators in concert with traditional mathematics instruction improved average students' basic skills with paper and pencil, both in working exercises and in problem solving. (MNS)
Descriptors: Calculators, Educational Research, Elementary Secondary Education, Mathematics Achievement