These authors, who have managed a small, entrepreneurial applied-research firm for more than twenty years, share their reflections about what elements of organizational structure have worked best for them, and offer some observations on a personal level as well about how to optimize and remain viable in a volatile professional field. The term…

Industry's view of the role of academic research services, industry's return on the investment, and forms of purchase of research services are discussed and some related ethical and economic issues are presented. Four catagories of academic research services are identified: (1) available, independent, focused expertise; (2) peer review; (3)…

Ten consultants were employed by the National Institute of Education (NIE) to examine the state of educational research and development (R&D) with specific reference to the regional laboratories and the R&D centers established in the late 1960's. By confering with NIE officials, surveying the directors of regional laboratories and R&D…