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Download full textShamsaei, Maryam; Shah, Mohd Hazim – International Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 2017
Iranian modern thinkers in either of the two categories: Western-minded and religious. The most prominent aspect of Western minded thinkers is their emphasis on separation of tradition and modernity. On the other hand, religious thinkers look forward to combining the two. The Western-minded thinkers believe that the most important burden on…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Muslims, Religious Factors, Religious Cultural Groups
Direct linkPasha, Nourollah; Ahmad, Zaid – British Journal of Religious Education, 2014
Islamic fundamentalism is an extreme perception of Islam that views "the 'Other' as the enemy demonized" against the "West", which also views the Muslim "enemy within". In contrast, pluralism perceives 'others' as different people, with different values from us. While the fundamentalist seeks to engage in war with the…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Religious Cultural Groups, Religion, Religious Factors
Calvert, John – Foreign Policy Research Institute, 2010
This essay is excerpted from the author's book "Divisions within Islam," part of a 10-volume series for middle and high school students on the World of Islam. It provides information on the religious practices and beliefs of Shiism, and its differences with Sunni Islam. It mentions that Shiism is the second-largest denomination of Islam,…
Descriptors: Muslims, Islam, Foreign Countries, High School Students
Livingston, James C., Ed. – 1985
This anthology provides an introduction to a variety of theories about and historical types of church-state relations, past and present. It provides foreign models against which citizens can judge the strengths and weaknesses of U.S. constitutional arrangements. The analysis looks at Catholicism, Islam, Lutheranism, Calvinism, Judaism, and the…
Descriptors: Churches, Civil Liberties, Civil Rights, Constitutional History
