Colombia has been immersed in wars and violence for many years; some scholars say that the country has been in conflict since 1962. The reality is that the country began its development with multiple wars and power struggles, the latter incited by political parties. In the midst of multiple conflicts, religion has played an important role in the…

Education was an instrument in Christian missions' and colonial powers' civilisation projects. At the same time, education was also instrumental in fostering opposition. This article approaches perceptions of education mainly from the perspective of Norwegian Lutheran missionaries in French colonial Madagascar during the 1940s. The focus is on how…

Examines tensions and divisions that formed the educational legacy of the two states in Ireland that emerged from the political settlements of 1920-21. Concludes that, on the eve of partition in 1921, deep divisions in education were reminders that education would continue to expose ideological differences between Ireland and Britain. (CFR)

Because of close relations between the Philippines and the United States in the earlier years of this century, developments in the Philippines since that country achieved its independence in 1946 are of particular interest to Americans. An important aspect of the island nation's efforts in its first 15 years of complete self-government is the…