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White, K. Geoffrey; Brown, Glenn S. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2011
Pigeons performed a delayed matching-to-sample task in which large or small reinforcers for correct remembering were signaled during the retention interval. Accuracy was low when small reinforcers were signaled, and high when large reinforcers were signaled (the signaled magnitude effect). When the reinforcer-size cue was switched from small to…
Descriptors: Animals, Reinforcement, Accuracy, Memory
Furniss, F.; Biswas, A. B. – Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 2012
Background: Behavioural interventions conceptualise self-injurious behaviour (SIB) as developing from early repetitive behaviours through acquisition of homeostatic functions in regulating stimulation and subsequent shaping into SIB through socially mediated or automatic operant reinforcement. Despite high success rates, such interventions rarely…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Mental Retardation, Classical Conditioning, Phenomenology
Holth, Per – Behavior Analyst, 2012
A series of experiments on operant variability by Neuringer and colleagues (e.g., Neuringer, 1986, 2002; Page & Neuringer, 1985) have been repeatedly cited as showing that behavioral variability can be reinforced by making reinforcement contingent on it. They showed that the degree of variability in pigeons' eight-peck sequences, as measured by U…
Descriptors: Behavior Problems, Novelty (Stimulus Dimension), Reinforcement, Topography
Speckman, JeanneMarie; Greer, R. Douglas; Rivera-Valdes, Celestina – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2012
We report 2 experiments that tested the effects of multiple exemplar instruction (MEI) across training sets on the emergence of productive autoclitic frames (suffixes) for 6 preschoolers with and without language-based disabilities. We implemented multiple exemplar tact instruction with subsets of stimuli whose "names" contained the suffix "-er"…
Descriptors: Form Classes (Languages), Verbal Stimuli, Suffixes, Experiments
Pulido, Marco A.; Martinez, Guillermo – Psychological Record, 2010
The present study assessed the effects of systematically separating the cue from the response in temporally defined schedules of delayed signaled reinforcement. Identical schedules were used to study the effects of the independent variable on response acquisition and response maintenance. In the first experiment, 8 groups of 3 naive rats were…
Descriptors: Behavior, Reinforcement, Cues, Responses
Laprime, Amanda P.; Dittrich, Gretchen A. – Education and Treatment of Children, 2014
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the use of a treatment package comprised of a social story, discrimination training, and differential reinforcement with response cost on the vocal stereotypy of one preschooler diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder. The study took place in a preschool classroom of a public school and was implemented…
Descriptors: Program Evaluation, Program Effectiveness, Story Telling, Reinforcement
Sokolowski, Michel B. C.; Disma, Gerald; Abramson, Charles I. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2010
An operant conditioning situation for the blow fly ("Protophormia terrae novae") is described. Individual flies are trained to enter and reenter a hole as the operant response. Only a few sessions of contingent reinforcement are required to increase response rates. When the response is no longer followed by food, the rate of entering the hole…
Descriptors: Operant Conditioning, Responses, Behavioral Science Research, Animals
Fryling, Mitch J.; Johnston, Cristin; Hayes, Linda J. – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2011
Observational learning is an important area in the field of psychology and behavior science more generally. Given this, it is essential that behavior analysts articulate a sound theory of how behavior change occurs through observation. This paper begins with an overview of seminal research in the area of observational learning, followed by a…
Descriptors: Observational Learning, Behavioral Sciences, Behavior Change, Behavior Modification
Porritt, Matthew; Van Wagner, Karen; Poling, Alan – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2009
Pigeons were exposed to a repeated acquisition procedure in which no delays were imposed and rate of responding was relatively high. They also were exposed to conditions in which delays were arranged between trials within chains or between completed chains, and rates of responding were lower. Number of trials, rate of reinforcement, difficulty of…
Descriptors: Precision Teaching, Animals, Reinforcement, Conditioning
Lattal, Kennon A. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2010
The experimental analysis of delay of reinforcement is considered from the perspective of three questions that seem basic not only to understanding delay of reinforcement but also, by implication, the contributions of temporal relations between events to operant behavior. The first question is whether effects of the temporal relation between…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Operant Conditioning, Delay of Gratification, Experimental Psychology
Singer-Dudek, Jessica; Oblak, Mara; Greer, R. Douglas – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2011
We tested the effects of an observational intervention (Greer & Singer-Dudek, 2008) on establishing children's books as conditioned reinforcers using a delayed multiple baseline design. Three preschool students with mild language and developmental delays served as the participants. Prior to the intervention, books did not function as reinforcers…
Descriptors: Intervention, Preschool Children, Developmental Delays, Books
Koffarnus, Mikhail N.; Jarmolowicz, David P.; Mueller, E. Terry; Bickel, Warren K. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2013
Excessively devaluing delayed reinforcers co-occurs with a wide variety of clinical conditions such as drug dependence, obesity, and excessive gambling. If excessive delay discounting is a trans-disease process that underlies the choice behavior leading to these and other negative health conditions, efforts to change an individual's discount rate…
Descriptors: Delay of Gratification, Conceptual Tempo, Reinforcement, Therapy
Neuringer, Allen – Behavior Analyst, 2011
The experimental analysis of behavior (EAB) is in trouble. Financial support for basic operant-conditioning research is difficult to obtain; teaching and research positions in colleges and universities are few; and bright undergraduates join other fields for graduate study. One reason for the difficulty is that EAB basic research does not focus…
Descriptors: Interdisciplinary Approach, Research, Financial Support, Scholarship
Martig, Adria K.; Mizumori, Sheri J. Y. – Learning & Memory, 2011
The ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) may provide modulatory signals that, respectively, influence hippocampal (HPC)- and striatal-dependent memory. Electrophysiological studies investigating neural correlates of learning and memory of dopamine (DA) neurons during classical conditioning tasks have found DA…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Memory, Brain, Rewards
Calvert, Amanda L.; Green, Leonard; Myerson, Joel – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2010
Humans discount larger delayed rewards less steeply than smaller rewards, whereas no such magnitude effect has been observed in rats (and pigeons). It remains possible that rats' discounting is sensitive to differences in the quality of the delayed reinforcer even though it is not sensitive to amount. To evaluate this possibility, Experiment 1…
Descriptors: Rewards, Delay of Gratification, Reinforcement, Animals